(a) Interpretation: The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the protonation of the nitrile nitrogen. This is followed by the nucleophilic addition of a molecule of water. This is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under acidic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a hydronium ion or to a water molecule.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the protonation of the nitrile nitrogen. This is followed by the nucleophilic addition of a molecule of water. This is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under acidic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a hydronium ion or to a water molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the protonation of the nitrile nitrogen. This is followed by the nucleophilic addition of a molecule of water. This is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under acidic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a hydronium ion or to a water molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the protonation of the nitrile nitrogen. This is followed by the nucleophilic addition of a molecule of water. This is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under acidic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a hydronium ion or to a water molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the protonation of the nitrile nitrogen. This is followed by the nucleophilic addition of a molecule of water. This is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under acidic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a hydronium ion or to a water molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl carbon, which is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under basic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a water molecule or to the hydroxide ion.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the protonation of the nitrile nitrogen. This is followed by the nucleophilic addition of a molecule of water. This is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under acidic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a hydronium ion or to a water molecule.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism of the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major organic product is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to a primary amide. The reaction starts with the protonation of the nitrile nitrogen. This is followed by the nucleophilic addition of a molecule of water. This is then followed by a series of proton transfer steps. Under acidic conditions, the proton transfers occur either from a hydronium ion or to a water molecule.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

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Chapter 18 Solutions