What “a significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) ” means.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 18, Problem 18.40E

a.

To determine

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

b.

To determine

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

c.

To determine

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 18, Problem 18.40E

a.

To determine

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

b.

To determine

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

c.

To determine

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 18, Problem 18.40E

a.

To determine

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

b.

To determine

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

c.

To determine

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 18, Problem 18.40E

a.

To determine

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

b.

To determine

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

c.

To determine

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.40E

a.

To determine

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

b.

To determine

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

c.

To determine

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.40E

a.

To determine

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.40E

a.

To determine

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

Answer 8

b.

To determine

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

Answer 9

b.

To determine

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

Answer 10

c.

To determine

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

Answer 11

c.

To determine

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1AYK Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2AYK Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3AYK Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 4AYK Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 5AYK Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 6AYK Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 7AYK Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 8AYK Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 9AYK Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 10AYK

What “a significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) ” means.

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To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 18 Solutions

What “a significant difference ( P &lt; 0.01 ) ” means.

Concept explainers

Videos

To explain: What “a significant difference (P<0.01) ” means.

To explain: What “95% confidence” means.

To check: Whether the study has good evidence that requiring values affirmation training of all female students would gently reduce the gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses or not.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 18 Solutions

What “a significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) ” means.