Chapter 18, Problem 18.37SP

Draw structures of the following derivatives.

1. a. the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
2. b. the semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
3. c. cyclopropanone oxime
4. d. the ethylene acetal of hexan-3-one
5. e. acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal
6. f. the methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
7. g. the (E) isomer of the ethyl imine of propiophenone
8. h. the hemiacetal form of 5-hydroxypentanal

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 1.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde.

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine is treated with benzaldehyde to form a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative.

The structure of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde is given as,

Figure 1

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 2.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is semicarbazone of cyclobutanone.

The cyclobutanone is treated with semicarbazide to form a semicarbazone derivative.

The structure of semicarbazone of cyclobutanone is given as,

Figure 2

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 3.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is cyclopropanone oxime.

The cyclopropanone is treated with hydroxylamine to form an oxime.

The structure of cyclopropanone oxime is given as,

Figure 3

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 4.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is ethylene acetal of hexan-3-one.

The ethylene glycol is treated with hexan-3-one to form ethylene acetal of hexan-3-one.

The structure of ethylene acetal of hexan-3-one is given as,

Figure 4

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 5.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal.

The acetaldehyde is treated with two moles of ethyl alcohol to form acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal.

The structure of acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal is given as,

Figure 5

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 6.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde.

The structure of hemiacetal of formaldehyde is given as,

Figure 6

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 7.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is (E)-isomer of the ethyl imine of propiophenone.

The propiophenone is treated with ethyl amine to form an ethyl imine derivative.

The structure of (E)-isomer of the ethyl imine of propiophenone is given as,

Figure 7

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the given derivative is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Ketones and aldehydes show different types of reactions which results to form many different products. The nucleophilic addition reactions are the common reactions, which form products like imines, diols, alcohols, cyanohydrins, and alkenes.

Answer to Problem 18.37SP

The structure of the given derivative is shown in Figure 8.

Explanation of Solution

The given derivative is hemiacetal of 5-hydroxypentanal.

The structure of hemiacetal of 5-hydroxypentanal is given as,

Figure 8