Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Oxidation and reduction should be described and also the electron transfer in a redox reaction and electron donation in a Lewis acid-base reaction has to be compared.

Concept Introduction:

Redox reaction and Half-reaction

• The redox reaction is the combination of oxidation and reduction reactions and these two reactions are called half-reactions.

Oxidation reaction:

• The loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen atoms is called as oxidation.

Reduction reaction:

• The gaining of electrons or addition of hydrogen atoms is called as reduction.

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is the reaction in which loss of electron occurs and reduction reaction is the reaction in which gain of electron occurs. Redox reaction is a common term used for a reduction and an oxidation reaction.

In a redox reaction, oxidation always accompanies reduction. Thus one atom must lose electrons and other must gain electrons.

Oxidation reaction:

  $\text{Ag }\to {\text{ Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{+ e}}^{\text{-}}$

In the above reaction, Ag atom loses one electron and changes their oxidation state 0 to 1.

Reduction reaction:

  ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+2e}}^{\text{-}}\to \text{ Fe}$

In the above reaction ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}$ ion gaining 2 electrons and reduce their oxidation number +2 to 0.

According to Lewis concept of acid and bases,

Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor.

Lewis base is an electron pair donor.