Student Solutions Manual for Ball's Physical Chemistry, 2nd
Student Solutions Manual for Ball's Physical Chemistry, 2nd
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9798214169019
Author: David W. Ball
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
bartleby

Concept explainers

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 18, Problem 18.1E
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The value of qnuc for 12C atoms is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Different linearly independent wavefunctions that have same energy are called degenerate. This is expressed in terms of degeneracy. If two functions are having same energy then they are called doubly degenerate and so on. The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.1E

The value of qnuc for 12C atoms is 1.

Explanation of Solution

From Appendix 5,

The nuclear spin of 12C atoms is 0.

The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1 …(1)

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Substitute the value of I in the equation (1).

g1=2(0)+1=1

The partition function for nucleus is given as,

qnuc=g1 …(2)

Substitute the value of g1 in the equation (2).

qnuc=1

Therefore, the value of qnuc for 12C atoms is 1.

Conclusion

The value of qnuc for 12C atoms is 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of qnuc for 56Fe atoms is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Different linearly independent wavefunctions that have same energy are called degenerate. This is expressed in terms of degeneracy. If two functions are having same energy then they are called doubly degenerate and so on. The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.1E

The value of qnuc for 56Fe atoms is 1.

Explanation of Solution

From Appendix 5,

The nuclear spin of 56Fe atoms is 0.

The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1 …(1)

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Substitute the value of I in the equation (1).

g1=2(0)+1=1

The partition function for nucleus is given as,

qnuc=g1 …(2)

Substitute the value of g1 in the equation (2).

qnuc=1

Therefore, the value of qnuc for 56Fe atoms is 1.

Conclusion

The value of qnuc for 56Fe atoms is 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value of qnuc for 1H atoms is to be determined. The corresponding answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Different linearly independent wavefunctions that have same energy are called degenerate. This is expressed in terms of degeneracy. If two functions are having same energy then they are called doubly degenerate and so on. The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.1E

The value of qnuc for 1H atoms is 2.The nuclear degeneracy of 1H is due to the presence of only one proton.

Explanation of Solution

From Appendix 5,

The nuclear spin of 1H atoms is 12.

The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1 …(1)

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Substitute the value of I in the equation (1).

g1=2(12)+1=2

The partition function for nucleus is given as,

qnuc=g1 …(2)

Substitute the value of g1 in the equation (2).

qnuc=2

Therefore, the value of qnuc for 1H atoms is 2.

Hydrogen is the only atom that has no neutrons in its nucleus. Therefore, the nuclear degeneracy of 1H is due to the presence of only one proton.

Conclusion

The value of qnuc for 1H atoms is 2. The nuclear degeneracy of 1H is due to the presence of only one proton.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of qnuc for D atoms is to be determined. The corresponding answer is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Different linearly independent wavefunctions that have same energy are called degenerate. This is expressed in terms of degeneracy. If two functions are having same energy then they are called doubly degenerate and so on. The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.1E

The value of qnuc for D atoms is 3. The nuclear degeneracy of deuterium atom is due to the presence of a proton and a neutron.

Explanation of Solution

From Appendix 5,

The nuclear spin of D atoms is 1.

The degeneracy for nuclear state is given as,

g1=2I+1 …(1)

Where,

I represents the nuclear spin.

Substitute the value of I in the equation (1).

g1=2(1)+1=3

The partition function for nucleus is given as,

qnuc=g1 …(2)

Substitute the value of g1 in the equation (2).

qnuc=3

Therefore, the value of qnuc for D atoms is 3.

A deuterium atom contains one proton and one neutron. The spin of proton and neutron does not cancel each other but combines with each other. Therefore, the nuclear degeneracy of deuterium atom is due to the presence of a proton and a neutron.

Conclusion

The value of qnuc for D atoms is 3. The nuclear degeneracy of deuterium atom is due to the presence of a proton and a neutron.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. di
Problem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation: H₂SO A Me. Me Me Me Me
You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐

Chapter 18 Solutions

Student Solutions Manual for Ball's Physical Chemistry, 2nd

Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Physical Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133958437
Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Fundamentals Of Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285640686
Author:Skoog
Publisher:Cengage