Chapter 18, Problem 18.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acid, base and conjugate acid-base pair for the given $\text{HCl}\text{(aq)}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\text{(l)}\underset{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{(aq)}\text{+}{\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}\text{(aq)}$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid-Base pairs:

The acid donates the proton to form its conjugate base and the base accepts a proton to form its conjugate acid.

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acid, base and conjugate acid-base pair for the given ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}\text{(aq)}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{(l)}\underset{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{SO}}_4^{+}\text{(aq)}\text{+}{\text{ClO}}_4^{-}\text{(aq)}$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid-Base pairs:

The acid donates the proton to form its conjugate base and the base accepts a proton to form its conjugate acid.

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acid, base and conjugate acid-base pair for the ${\text{HPO}}_4^{2-}\text{(aq)}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{(l)}\underset{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{H}}_2{\text{PO}}_4^{-}\text{(aq)}\text{+}{\text{HSO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{-}}\text{(aq)}$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid-Base pairs:

The acid donates the proton to form its conjugate base and the base accepts a proton to form its conjugate acid.

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.