Chapter 18, Problem 18.100P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced equations and ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ expressions have to be written for the given Brønsted-Lowry acid, Hydroxylamine (${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$) in water.

Concept introduction:

Balancing reaction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information.

• Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation
• Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.
• The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

An equilibrium constant $\left(K\right)$ is the ratio of concentration of products and reactants raised to appropriate stoichiometric coefficient at equlibrium.

For the general base HB,

  $\text{B}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{BH}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Base accepts the proton from water. The relative strength of an acid and base in water can be also expressed quantitatively with an equilibrium constant as follows:

  ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}\text{=}\frac{\left[{\text{BH}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]}{\left[\text{B}\right]}$

An equilibrium constant $\left(K\right)$ with subscript $\text{b}$ indicate that it is an equilibrium constant of an base in water.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced equations and ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ expressions have to be written for the given Brønsted-Lowry acid, Hydrogen phosphate (${\text{HPO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}$) in water.

Concept introduction:

Balancing reaction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information.

• Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation
• Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.
• The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

An equilibrium constant $\left(K\right)$ is the ratio of concentration of products and reactants raised to appropriate stoichiometric coefficient at equlibrium.

For the general base HB,

  $\text{B}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{BH}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Base accepts the proton from water. The relative strength of an acid and base in water can be also expressed quantitatively with an equilibrium constant as follows:

  ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}\text{=}\frac{\left[{\text{BH}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]}{\left[\text{B}\right]}$

An equilibrium constant $\left(K\right)$ with subscript $\text{b}$ indicate that it is an equilibrium constant of an base in water.