Biological Science
Biological Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321743671
Author: Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 14TYPSS
Summary Introduction

To analyze:

After treatment of cells with mutagen, the number of cells to be screened to have a good chance of finding one mutant.

Introduction:

Scientists Monod and Jacob studied production of β-galactosidase through E. coli to identify key regulated genes in gene regulation. They use mutants to analyze E.coli cells which are deficit in lactose metabolism, whether mutants would lead them with regulation of lactose metabolism. The primary aim was screening of treated cells for mutants with defects in the biochemical process or pathway to study defects in lactose metabolism. The cells in a medium are examined for the mutants that cannot grow on lactose. The medium is treated with a mutagen, after which it is anticipated that the mutation rate must be 1×104 per cell.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY