Chemistry: A Molecular Approach Selected Solutions Manual, Books a la Carte Edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134554259
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 14E
Interpretation Introduction
Introduction: If
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Macmillan Learning
One of the molecules shown can be made using the Williamson ether synthesis. Identify the ether and draw the
starting materials.
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со
C
Strategy: Review the reagents, mechanism and steps of the Williamson ether synthesis. Determine which of the molecules
can be made using the steps. Then analyze the two possible disconnection strategies and deduce the starting materials.
Identify the superior route.
Step 6: Put it all together.
Complete the two-step synthesis by selecting the reagents and starting materials.
C
1.
2.
Answer Bank
NaH
NaOH
NaOCH,
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Write the systematic name of each organic molecule:
structure
CH3
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CH3-CH-CH-C-CH3
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CH3-C-CH-CH2-CH3
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CH3
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HO—CH, CH–CH—C CH3
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Organic Functional Groups
Predicting the reactants or products of esterification
What is the missing reactant in this organic reaction?
HO
OH
H
+回
+ H₂O
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach Selected Solutions Manual, Books a la Carte Edition
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 18 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 18 - Q3. Arrange the gases—F2, Ar, and CH3F—in order of...Ch. 18 - Q4. Calculate the change in entropy that occurs in...Ch. 18 - Q5. A reaction has a ΔHrxn = 54.2 kJ. Calculate...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 18 - Q7. Use standard entropies to calculate for the...Ch. 18 - Q8. Use standard free energies of formation to...Ch. 18 - Q9. Find ΔG$$ for the reaction 2 A + B → 2 C from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 18 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 18 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 18 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 18 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 18 - Prob. 16SAQCh. 18 - 1. What is the first law of thermodynamics, and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2ECh. 18 - 3. What is a perpetual motion machine? Can such a...Ch. 18 - 4. Is it more efficient to heat your home with a...Ch. 18 - 5. What is a spontaneous process? Provide an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6ECh. 18 - Prob. 7ECh. 18 - Prob. 8ECh. 18 - Prob. 9ECh. 18 - Prob. 10ECh. 18 - Prob. 11ECh. 18 - Prob. 12ECh. 18 - Prob. 13ECh. 18 - Prob. 14ECh. 18 - Prob. 15ECh. 18 - 16. Predict the spontaneity of a reaction (and the...Ch. 18 - 17. State the third law of thermodynamics and...Ch. 18 - 18. Why is the standard entropy of a substance in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 19ECh. 18 - Prob. 20ECh. 18 - 21. What are three different methods to calculate...Ch. 18 - Prob. 22ECh. 18 - Prob. 23ECh. 18 - Prob. 24ECh. 18 - Prob. 25ECh. 18 - Prob. 26ECh. 18 - 27. Which of these processes is spontaneous?
a....Ch. 18 - 28. Which of these processes are nonspontaneous?...Ch. 18 - 29. Two systems, each composed of two particles...Ch. 18 - 30. Two systems, each composed of three particles...Ch. 18 - 31. Calculate the change in entropy that occurs in...Ch. 18 - 32. Calculate the change in entropy that occurs in...Ch. 18 - 33. Calculate the change in entropy that occurs in...Ch. 18 - 34. Calculate the change in entropy that occurs in...Ch. 18 - 35. Without doing any calculations, determine the...Ch. 18 - 36. Without doing any calculations, determine the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 37ECh. 18 - 38. Without doing any calculations, determine the...Ch. 18 - 39. Calculate ΔSsurr at the indicated temperature...Ch. 18 - Prob. 40ECh. 18 - 41. Given the values of ΔH$$, ΔS$$, and T,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 42ECh. 18 - 43. Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy for...Ch. 18 - 44. Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy for...Ch. 18 - 45. Calculate the free energy change for this...Ch. 18 - Prob. 46ECh. 18 - Prob. 47ECh. 18 - Prob. 48ECh. 18 - Prob. 49ECh. 18 - 50. What is the molar entropy of a pure crystal at...Ch. 18 - Prob. 51ECh. 18 - 52. For each pair of substances, choose the one...Ch. 18 - 53. Rank each set of substances in order of...Ch. 18 - 54. Rank each set of substances in order of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 55ECh. 18 - Prob. 56ECh. 18 - Prob. 57ECh. 18 - Prob. 58ECh. 18 - Prob. 59ECh. 18 - Prob. 60ECh. 18 - Prob. 61ECh. 18 - 62. For each reaction, calculate , , and at 25 °C...Ch. 18 - 63. Use standard free energies of formation to...Ch. 18 - 64. Use standard free energies of formation to...Ch. 18 - 65. Consider the reaction:
2 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2...Ch. 18 - Prob. 66ECh. 18 - 67. Determine ΔG° for the reaction:
Fe2O3(s) + 3...Ch. 18 - 68. Calculate for the reaction:
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s)...Ch. 18 - 69. Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0 °C...Ch. 18 - 70. Consider the evaporation of methanol at 25.0...Ch. 18 - 71. Consider the reaction:
CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2...Ch. 18 - Prob. 72ECh. 18 - Prob. 73ECh. 18 - Prob. 74ECh. 18 - Prob. 75ECh. 18 - Prob. 76ECh. 18 - 77. Estimate the value of the equilibrium constant...Ch. 18 - 78. Estimate the value of the equilibrium constant...Ch. 18 - 79. Consider the reaction:
H2(g) + I2(g) 2...Ch. 18 - Prob. 80ECh. 18 - 81. The change in enthalpy () for a reaction is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 82ECh. 18 - 83. Determine the sign of ΔSsys for each...Ch. 18 - 84. Determine the sign of ΔSsys for each...Ch. 18 - 85. Our atmosphere is composed primarily of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 86ECh. 18 - 87. Ethene (C2H4) can be halogenated by the...Ch. 18 - 88. H2 reacts with the halogens (X2) according to...Ch. 18 - 89. Consider this reaction occurring at 298...Ch. 18 - 90. Consider this reaction occurring at 298...Ch. 18 - Prob. 91ECh. 18 - Prob. 92ECh. 18 - 93. These reactions are important in catalytic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 94ECh. 18 - Prob. 95ECh. 18 - Prob. 96ECh. 18 - 97. Consider the reaction X2(g) → 2 X(g). When a...Ch. 18 - 98. Dinitrogen tetroxide decomposes to nitrogen...Ch. 18 - 99. Indicate and explain the sign of ΔSuniv for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 100ECh. 18 - Prob. 101ECh. 18 - Prob. 102ECh. 18 - Prob. 103ECh. 18 - Prob. 104ECh. 18 - Prob. 105ECh. 18 - Prob. 106ECh. 18 - Prob. 107ECh. 18 - 108. The salt ammonium nitrate can follow three...Ch. 18 - 109. Given the data, calculate ΔSvap for each of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 110ECh. 18 - Prob. 111ECh. 18 - Prob. 112ECh. 18 - Prob. 113ECh. 18 - 114. Which statement is true?
a. A reaction in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 115ECh. 18 - Prob. 116ECh. 18 - Prob. 117ECh. 18 - Prob. 118QGWCh. 18 - Prob. 119QGWCh. 18 - 120. Not all processes in which the system...Ch. 18 - Prob. 121QGWCh. 18 - Prob. 122QGWCh. 18 - Prob. 123DIA
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- Please help me with number 5 using my data and graph. I think I might have number 3 and 4 but if possible please check me. Thanks in advance!arrow_forwarddict the major products of this organic reaction. C Explanation Check 90 + 1.0₂ 3 2. (CH3)2S Click and drag f drawing a stru © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. • 22 4 5 7 8 Y W E R S F H Bilarrow_forwardcan someone draw out the reaction mechanism for this reaction showing all the curly arrows and 2. Draw the GPNA molecule and identify the phenylalanine portion. 3. Draw L-phenylalanine with the correct stereochemistryarrow_forward
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- I don't understand why the amide on the top left, with the R attached to one side, doesn't get substituted with OH to form a carboxylic acid. And if only one can be substituted, why did it choose the amide it chose rather than the other amide?arrow_forwardesc Draw the Markovnikov product of the hydration of this alkene. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for this problem. Explanation Check BBB + X 0 1. Hg (OAc)2, H₂O 2. Na BH 5 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility Bl P 豆 28 2 28 N 9 W E R T Y A S aps lock G H K L Z X C V B N M T central H command #e commandarrow_forwardC A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more products missing from the right-hand side, but there are no reagents missing from the left-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. . If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing products to the right-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. (X) This transformation can't be done in one step. + Tarrow_forward
- く Predict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. Explanation Check OH + + ✓ 2 H₂SO 4 O xs H₂O 2 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forwardDraw the skeletal ("line") structure of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-pentanone. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X Parrow_forwardPredicting edict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. + No reaction. Explanation Check HO Na O H xs H₂O 2 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Iarrow_forward
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