(a)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is
To determine: The given balanced
(a)

Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given
The given reaction is,
In this equation, the oxidation state of hydrogen decreased from
Also, in this equation there are spectator ions,
The reduction half cell reaction is,
The oxidation half cell reaction is,
Now balance H atoms in the reduction half reaction by adding
Finally, balance charge using electrons.
Now the charge in oxidation half reaction using electrons is to be balanced.
The oxidation half reaction is multiplied by 2 and the reduction reaction by 3 to cancel electrons and add them.
The ion
To balance chlorine atoms, eight moles of chloride ions were added.
Hence, the
(b)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
(b)

Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The given reaction is,
The reduction half reaction is,
The oxidation state of chlorine decreased from
The oxidation half reaction is,
The oxidation state of iodine increased from
Now all the elements except H and O in reduction half reaction are balanced and then O atoms using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced.
As there are no O and H atoms, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
The oxidation half reaction is multiplied by 8 and added to the other half reaction by cancelling the similar terms.
This is simplified further by dividing it by 3.
Hence, the balanced reaction is,
(c)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
To determine: The given balanced chemical reaction by the half-reaction method.
(c)

Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The given reaction is,
The reduction half reaction is,
The oxidation half reaction is,
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced.
And balance oxygen atoms using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now balance all elements except H and O in reduction half reaction.
As there are no O and H atoms the charge is balanced by using electrons.
The reduction half reaction is multiplied by 97 and is added to the other half reaction by cancelling the similar terms.
The overall balanced reaction is,
(d)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
To determine: The given balanced chemical reaction by the half-reaction method.
(d)

Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The given reaction is,
Chromium is oxidized from
The reduction half reaction is,
The oxidation half reaction is,
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced
And then oxygen atoms are balanced by using
Then hydrogen atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced
As there are no O and H atoms, the charge is balanced using electrons.
The reduction half reactions are multiplied by 27 and oxidation half reaction by 2 and were added by cancelling similar terms.
In basic medium,
Hence, the balanced reaction is,
(e)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
To determine: The given balanced chemical reaction by the half-reaction method.
(e)

Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given
The given reaction is,
The reduction half reaction is.
The oxidation half reaction is,
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced
And then balance O atoms using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now the O atoms are balanced by using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
The charge is balanced by using electrons.
The reduction half reaction is multiplied by 49 and is added to the other half reaction by cancelling the similar terms.
In basic medium,
Hence, the balanced reaction is,
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry: AP Edition - Package
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