
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
Alpha particle
General equation for alpha decay is as follows:
Here,
Beta emission
The generic equation of the beta decay is as follows:
Here,
Gamma rays
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Skeleton equation for transition is as follows:
Since this transition causes
(b)
Interpretation:
Nuclear equation below has to be completed.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)

Explanation of Solution
Skeleton equation for transition is as follows:
Since this transition is electron capture thus it causes atomic number to decrease by 1. According to periodic table, element with atomic number 4 is beryllium
(c)
Interpretation:
Nuclear equation below has to be completed.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Skeleton equation for transition is as follows:
Since this transition is nuclear fission between
Sum of mass number on left side is 31 and on right side is 30. Thus missed particle must have 1 mass number.
Sum of atomic number on left side is 15 and on right side is 14. Thus missed particle must have 1 atomic number.
According to periodic table, element with atomic number 1 is hydrogen.
Hence resultant nuclear equation can be completed as follows:
(d)
Interpretation:
Nuclear equation below has to be completed.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)

Explanation of Solution
Skeleton equation for transition is as follows:
Since this transition is nuclear fission thus sum of atomic number must be equal to sum of atomic number on right side. Also, sum of mass number on left side must be equal to sum of mass number on right side.
Sum of mass number on left side is 85 and on right side is 86. Thus missed particle must have 1 mass number.
Sum of atomic number on left side is 37 and on right side is 37. Thus missed particle must have 0 atomic number.
Atomic particle with 1 mass number and zero atomic number is
Hence resultant nuclear equation can be completed as follows:
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Foundations of College Chemistry, Binder Ready Version
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