Use the Merck Index or a similar reference work to look up the toxicities of cocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine. It is always accurate to compare toxicities in different animals and extrapolate those animals toxicities to humans? Does the method of administration have an effect on the observed toxicity? Concept introduction: The different conversion methods of the drug’s toxicity which is dose related from animals to humans are being reviewed. Here every method is examined according to its limitation and utility. From animals to humans the linear extrapolation dependent on the equivalence of the body weight and shown to be not accurate unless specific conversion components of species are used. There are two approached are based on the Pharmacokinetic approach: - AUC i.e. direct use of plasma concentration PBPK models i.e. physiologically based pharmacokinetic.

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Chapter 18, Problem 12CGP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Use the Merck Index or a similar reference work to look up the toxicities of cocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine. It is always accurate to compare toxicities in different animals and extrapolate those animals toxicities to humans? Does the method of administration have an effect on the observed toxicity?

Concept introduction:

The different conversion methods of the drug’s toxicity which is dose related from animals to humans are being reviewed. Here every method is examined according to its limitation and utility. From animals to humans the linear extrapolation dependent on the equivalence of the body weight and shown to be not accurate unless specific conversion components of species are used. There are two approached are based on the Pharmacokinetic approach: -

AUC i.e. direct use of plasma concentration

PBPK models i.e. physiologically based pharmacokinetic.

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