Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 11TYU
draw it The diagram below shows five genes, including their enhancers, from the genome of a certain species. Imagine that yellow, blue, green, black, red, and purple activator proteins exist that can bind to the appropriately color-coded control elements in the enhancers of these genes.
(a) Draw an X above enhancer elements (of all the genes) that would have activators bound in a cell in which only gene 5 is transcribed. Identify which colored activators would be present.
- (b) Draw a dot above all enhancer elements that would have activators bound in a cell in which the green, blue, and yellow activators are present. Identify which gene(s) would be transcribed.
- (c) Imagine that genes 1,2, and 4 code for nerve-specific proteins, and genes 3 and 5 are skin specific. Identify which activators would have to be present in each cell type to ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.
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The following diagram illustrates four genes from the genome of a certain insect. Different binding
sites are labeled in the enhancer region of each gene.
enhancer
promoter
ABC D E
Gene 1
A
D
Gene 2
АС
DE
Gene 3
ABD
Gene 4
In order for a specific gene to be expressed in the insect's cells, all of the gene's binding sites must
be bound by transcriptional activators.
• The insect's brain cells contain activators that bind to sites A, C, D, and E
• The insect's salivary gland cells contain activators that bind to sites A, B, and D
Which of the following is the most likely pattern of gene expression for the insect described above?
Gene 2 will be expressed in both brain and salivary gland cells
Both gene 1 and gene 4 will be expressed in salivary glands, but neither will be expressed in brain cells
Gene 1 will be expressed in both brain and salivary glands
Both gene 2 and gene 3 will be expressed in brain cells, but neither will be expressed in salivary gland cells
Examine Figure 17.7. What would be the effect on transcription if a mutation occurred in the gene that encodes GAL3, so that no functional GAL3 was produced?
Which of the following statements concerning enhancer DNA sequences is true?
Group of answer choices
Enhancer DNA sequences must be located before (upstream) the genes they control.
Enhancers DNA sequences are close to the genes they activate (via looping) even if they very far away as measured through the linear DNA sequence.
Enhancer DNA sequences will not recruit their respective protein factors if you artificially insert the enhancer backwards.
All these statements are true.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Speculate about whether the same...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...
Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - draw it The diagram below shows five genes,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of...Ch. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
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- 8. Yeast genes have cis-acting elements upstream oftheir promoters, similar to enhancers, called upstreamactivating sequences or UASs. Several target genes involved in galactose utilization are regulated by onetype of UAS called UASG, which has four bindingsites for an activator called GAL4. Two target genesregulated by UASG are GAL7 and GAL10. The GAL80 protein is an indirect repressor of GAL7 and GAL10transcription: At UASG, GAL80 binds to GAL4 protein and blocks GAL4’s activation domain. In thepresence of galactose, GAL80 no longer binds GAL4.In which gene(s) (GAL4 and/or GAL80) shouldyou be able to isolate mutations that allow the constitutive expression of the target genes GAL7 andGAL10 in the absence of galactose? In each case,what characteristics of the protein would the mutationdisrupt?arrow_forwardWhat would be the likely phenotypic effect of a mutation in HOTAIR and prevented it from binding to LSD1? It would be be unable to bind target genes H3K27 would not be trimethylated, leading to increased transcription of target genes H3K27 would not be trimethylated, leading to increased transcription of target genes H3K4 would not be demthylated, leading to increased transcription of target genes H3K4 would not be demthylated, leading to decreased transcription of target genes PRC2 would not be bound by HOTAIR leading to increased expression of target genes no functional effects on target genes.arrow_forward1. The following image shows a mechanism in which gene expression activity is regulated by ligand. Arg RS-2 Teu Met RBS Ligand RBS hidden a. What is this kind of regulatory machnism called? b. Does it involve transcription or translation? c. What happens in the presence of the ligand? d. What happens in the absence of theligand? e. What do you think the genes that are regulated here - metabolic (breakdown) or anabolic (buildup) for the ligand? Explainarrow_forward
- Select from the drop-down menu which type of regulation is occurring in each case. The Ixb12 gene sequence is in a region of condensed chromatin in fetal heart cells, but in adult heart cells, this region is uncondensed. This is an example of choose your answer... regulation. The Ixb12 protein is activated by a kinase, which is an example of choose your answer... regulation. Trx25 mRNA is targeted for degradation by a protein that is present in liver cells but not in heart cells, which is an example of regulation. The Trx25 protein is inactivated by a protein that removes its phosphorylated residues, which is an example of choose your answer... choose your answer... regulation.arrow_forward1. List one example of AMPLIFICATION OF SIGNAL during the cell’s response to Hedgehog. Makesure to write out full steps and not just the name of a protein. Do not choose the example from2h or 2i if you chose amplification of signal as your answer to those questions.arrow_forwardWhat would be the effect of moving the insulator shown in Figure 17.8 to a position between enhancer II and the promoter for gene B?arrow_forward
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