Chapter 18, Problem 11SPB

DISPOSITION OF ASSETS: JOURNALIZING Mayer Delivery Co. had the following plant asset transactions during the year:

1. Assets discarded or sold:

Jan.	1	Van #11, which had a cost of $8,800 and accumulated depreciation of $8,800, was discarded.
	8	Van #7, which had a cost of $9,400 and accumulated depreciation of $9,000, was sold for $200.
	14	Van #13, which had a cost of $7,600 and accumulated depreciation of $7,400, was sold for $250.

2. Assets exchanged or traded in:

Feb.	1	Van #8, which had a cost of $11,000 and accumulated depreciation of $8,800, was traded in for a new van (#20) with a fair market value of $13,000. The old van and $10,500 in cash were given for the new van.
	9	Van #3, which had a cost of $7,500 and accumulated depreciation of $7,000, was traded in for a new van (#21) with a fair market value of $9,500. The old van and $9,200 in cash were given for the new van.

REQUIRED

Prepare general journal entries for the transactions.

To determine

Journalize the transactions related to plant assets in the books of Corporation MD.

Explanation of Solution

Journal entry: Journal entry is a set of economic events which can be measured in monetary terms. These are recorded chronologically and systematically.

Debit and credit rules:

• Debit an increase in asset account, increase in expense account, decrease in liability account, and decrease in stockholders’ equity accounts.
• Credit decrease in asset account, increase in revenue account, increase in liability account, and increase in stockholders’ equity accounts.

Journalize the transactions related to plant assets in the books of Corporation MD.

Transaction on January 1:

Date		Account Titles and Explanation		Post Ref.	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
January	1	Accumulated Depreciation–Van 11			8,800
			Van 11			8,800
		(Record discarding of Van 11)

Table (1)

Description:

• Accumulated Depreciation–Van 12 is a contra-asset account. Since the van is discarded, the accumulated depreciation balance is reversed to reduce the balance in the account, hence, the account is debited.
• Van 11 is an asset account. Since van is discarded, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.

Working Note (1):

Determine the gain or loss recognized on the discarding of asset.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Gain }\left(\text{loss}\right)\text{ on discarded asset = Cost–Accumulated depreciation}\\ \text{= \$8,800–\$8,800}\\ \text{= \$0}\end{array}$

Transaction on January 8:

Date		Account Titles and Explanation		Post Ref.	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
January	8	Cash			200
		Accumulated Depreciation–Van 7			9,000
		Loss on Sale of Van 7			200
			Van 7			9,400
		(Record sale of Van 7)

Table (2)

Description:

• Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
• Accumulated Depreciation–Van 7 is a contra-asset account. Since the van is sold, the accumulated depreciation balance is reversed to reduce the balance in the account, hence, the account is debited.
• Loss on Sale of Van 7 is an expense account. Since losses and expenses decrease equity, equity value is decreased, and a decrease in equity is debited.
• Van 7 is an asset account. Since van is sold, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.

Working Note (2):

Compute book value of asset on the date of sale.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Book value = Cost–Accumulated depreciation}\\ \text{= \$9,400–\$9,000}\\ \text{= \$400}\end{array}$

Working Note (3):

Compute gain or loss on sale of asset.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Gain }\left(\text{loss }\right)\text{= Sale proceeds – Book value}\\ \text{= \$200 – \$400}\\ \text{= \$}\left(\text{400}\right)\end{array}$

Note: Refer to Working Note 2 for value and computation of book value.

Transaction on January 14:

Date		Account Titles and Explanation		Post Ref.	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
January	14	Cash			250
		Accumulated Depreciation–Van 13			7,400
			Van 13			7,600
			Gain on Sale of Van 13			50
		(Record sale of Van 13)

Table (3)

Description:

• Cash is an asset account. Since cash is received, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
• Accumulated Depreciation–Van 13 is a contra-asset account. Since the van is sold, the accumulated depreciation balance is reversed to reduce the balance in the account, hence, the account is debited.
• Van 13 is an asset account. Since van is sold, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
• Gain on Sale of Van 13 is a revenue account. Since gains and revenues increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.

Working Note (4):

Compute book value of asset on the date of sale.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Book value = Cost–Accumulated depreciation}\\ \text{= \$7,600–\$7,400}\\ \text{= \$200}\end{array}$

Working Note (5):

Compute gain or loss on sale of asset.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Gain }\left(\text{loss }\right)\text{= Sale proceeds – Book value}\\ \text{= \$250 – \$200}\\ \text{= \$50}\end{array}$

Note: Refer to Working Note 4 for value and computation of book value.

Transaction on February 1:

Date		Account Titles and Explanation		Post Ref.	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
February	1	Van 20 (New)			13,000
		Accumulated Depreciation–Van 8 (Old)			8,800
			Van 8 (Old)			11,000
			Cash			10,500
			Gain on Exchange of Vans			300
		(Record exchange of old van for a new van)

Table (4)

Description:

• Van 20 (New) is an asset account. Since new van is brought into the business, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
• Accumulated Depreciation–Van 8 (Old) is a contra-asset account. Since the van is sold, the accumulated depreciation balance is reversed to reduce the balance in the account, hence, the account is debited.
• Van 8 (Old) is an asset account. Since old van is exchanged, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
• Cash is an asset account. Since cash is paid, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
• Gain on Exchange of Vans is a revenue account. Since gains and revenues increase equity, equity value is increased, and an increase in equity is credited.

Working Note (6):

Compute book value of old asset on the date of exchange.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Book value = }\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cost of old asset–}\\ \text{Accumulated depreciation of old asset}\end{array}\right\}\\ \text{= \$11,000–\$8,800}\\ \text{= \$2,200}\end{array}$

Working Note (7):

Compute trade-in-allowance.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Trade-in-allowance = Market value of new van–Cash paid}\\ \text{=\$13,000–\$10,500}\\ \text{=\$2,500}\end{array}$

Working Note (8):

Compute gain (loss) on exchange of asset.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Gain }\left(\text{loss}\right)\text{ on exchange = }\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Trade-in-allowance –}\\ \text{Book value of old asset }\end{array}\right\}\\ \text{= \$2,500 – \$2,200}\\ \text{= \$300}\end{array}$

Note: Refer to Working Notes 6 and 7 for value and computation of both values.

Transaction on February 9:

Date		Account Titles and Explanation		Post Ref.	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
February	9	Van 21 (New)			9,500
		Accumulated Depreciation–Van 3 (Old)			7,000
		Loss on Exchange of Vans			200
			Van 3 (Old)			7,500
			Cash			9,200
		(Record exchange of old van for a new van)

Table (5)

Description:

• Van 21 (New) is an asset account. Since new van is brought into the business, asset account increased, and an increase in asset is debited.
• Accumulated Depreciation–Van 3 (Old) is a contra-asset account. Since the van is sold, the accumulated depreciation balance is reversed to reduce the balance in the account, hence, the account is debited.
• Loss on Exchange of Vans is an expense account. Since losses and expenses decrease equity, equity value is decreased, and a decrease in equity is debited.
• Van 3 (Old) is an asset account. Since old van is exchanged, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.
• Cash is an asset account. Since cash is paid, asset account decreased, and a decrease in asset is credited.

Working Note (9):

Compute book value of old asset on the date of exchange.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Book value = }\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cost of old asset–}\\ \text{Accumulated depreciation of old asset}\end{array}\right\}\\ \text{= \$7,500–\$7,000}\\ \text{= \$500}\end{array}$

Working Note (10):

Compute trade-in-allowance.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Trade-in-allowance = Market value of new van–Cash paid}\\ \text{=\$9,500–\$9,200}\\ \text{=\$300}\end{array}$

Working Note (11):

Compute gain (loss) on exchange of asset.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Gain }\left(\text{loss}\right)\text{ on exchange = }\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Trade-in-allowance –}\\ \text{Book value of old asset }\end{array}\right\}\\ \text{= \$300 – \$500}\\ \text{= \$}\left(\text{200}\right)\end{array}$

Note: Refer to Working Notes 9 and 10 for value and computation of both values.