Chapter 17.3, Problem 17.5Q

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Acid hydrolysis of pentyl butyrate, completed reaction has to be written and each reactants and products systematic name has to be provided.

Concept Introduction:

Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.

Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.

Esterification reaction: Esters are prepared by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol molecule with the elimination of water molecule. The addition of a strong acid such as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is used to increase the rate of reaction.

Here, the $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the carboxylic acid is being replaced by $-OR\text{'}$ the in the alcohol forming ester and water.

Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis reaction is the one where ester is the starting material while acid and alcohol is obtained as product.  This reaction can be catalysed by acid or base. In case of base-hydrolysis, the product obtained is salt of carboxylic acid and alcohol.  In case of acid-hydrolysis, the product obtained is carboxylic acid and alcohol.