Chapter 17, Problem 9TF

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The adrenal gland is composed of two glands with different origin of cells and functions. It is located on the superior part of each kidney. The size of the adrenal gland in adult is about 5-cm long and 3-cm wide. In newborns, it weighs nearly 8-10 g; however, half of its weight is reduced at the age of 2 years.  Involution causes the shrinkage of this gland, and the gland remains about 4-5 g in adults. The adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex are the inner and outer portions of the adrenal gland, respectively. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, whereas the adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone. The adrenal gland regulates alertness, metabolism, blood circulation, blood glucose level, and respiration.