The concentration of solute particles in water for an isotonic eye-drop solution needs to be determined, if the human eye has osmotic pressure of 8.00 atm at 25°C. Concept Introduction: Colligative properties are the properties of solution which depend on the number of particles present in the solution. Some common examples of colligative properties are depression in freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure, lowering in vapor pressure etc. The number of particles is shown with the help of van’t Hoff factor ‘i’. The mathematical expression for osmotic pressure is as given below: π = i × C × R ×T π = osmotic pressure C = concentration R= universal gas constant T = temperature

Question

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 66E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The concentration of solute particles in water for an isotonic eye-drop solution needs to be determined, if the human eye has osmotic pressure of 8.00 atm at 25°C.

Concept Introduction: Colligative properties are the properties of solution which depend on the number of particles present in the solution. Some common examples of colligative properties are depression in freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure, lowering in vapor pressure etc. The number of particles is shown with the help of van’t Hoff factor ‘i’.

The mathematical expression for osmotic pressure is as given below:

π = i×C × R ×Tπ = osmotic pressureC = concentrationR= universal gas constantT = temperature

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10