A. To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again. Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

A.

To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the changes in the tubulin concentration affect the shrinking phase microtubule.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results when the solution contained only GDP and not GTP.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results if the solution contains an analog GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

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There is a species of eagle, which lives in a tropical forest in Brazil. The alula pattern of its wings is determined by a single autosomal gene with four alleles that exhibit an unknown hierarchy of dominance. Genetic testing shows that individuals 1-1, 11-4, 11-7, III-1, and III-4 are each homozygous. How many possible genotypes among checkered eagles in the population?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

A.

To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the changes in the tubulin concentration affect the shrinking phase microtubule.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results when the solution contained only GDP and not GTP.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results if the solution contains an analog GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

A.

To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the changes in the tubulin concentration affect the shrinking phase microtubule.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results when the solution contained only GDP and not GTP.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results if the solution contains an analog GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

A.

To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the changes in the tubulin concentration affect the shrinking phase microtubule.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results when the solution contained only GDP and not GTP.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results if the solution contains an analog GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

A.

To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the changes in the tubulin concentration affect the shrinking phase microtubule.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results when the solution contained only GDP and not GTP.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results if the solution contains an analog GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

A.

To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

A.

To explain: The changes at the end of shrinking phase microtubule in order to stop its shrinking and to start growing again.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the changes in the tubulin concentration affect the shrinking phase microtubule.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the changes in the tubulin concentration affect the shrinking phase microtubule.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results when the solution contained only GDP and not GTP.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results when the solution contained only GDP and not GTP.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 12

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results if the solution contains an analog GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 13

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The results if the solution contains an analog GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed.

Introduction: Dynamic instability is characterized by interchange between phases of relatively slow growing and rapid shortening at the ends of individual microtubules. It is a result of the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound to β-tubulin shortly after assembly. The microtubules grow rapidly when GTP caps are present in its end, whereas the microtubules that are associated with guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin heterodimers at their ends are rapidly depolymerized.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 17 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 17 - Prob. 10Q

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