How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and C a M genes lead to speciation in finches. Introduction: BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, C a M is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches.

Introduction:

BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, $C a M$ is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Speciation happens when macroevolution happens. Macroevolution is the culmination of many small microevolutions. The causal forces behind these are selection, mutation, migration and more. The following example can illustrate how microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches:

The environment of a finch population has large seeds. The finches have long and shallow beaks to feed on these. Due to dry climate, large seeds decline and small seeds increase. To consume these, the beaks must be short and deep.

Thus, the expression of BMP4 increases to deepen the beak and activity of $C a M$ reduces to shorten the beak. If the dry climate extents to a longer period, the gene expression modifies permanently as mentioned to produce a species of finches that have short and deep beaks to feed on small seeds. Even when the conditions turn back to normal and large seeds are available again, they will still feed on small seeds. Thus a new population has originated (speciation) via macroevolution by the accumulation small evolutionary changes in the BMP4 and $C a M$ genes over time.

Conclusion

When microevolutionary changes accumulate over time, it pulls two populations so far apart that they form new species (macroevolution).

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Alleles at the P locus control seed color. Plants which are pp have white seeds, white flowers and no pigment in vegetative parts. Plants which are P_ have black seeds, purple flowers and may have varying degrees of pigment on stems and leaves. Seed color can be assessed, visually, based on if the seed is white or not white A gene for mold resistance has been reported and we want to determine its inheritance and whether it is linked to P. For the purposes of this exercise, we will assume that resistance is controlled by a single locus M, and M_ plants are resistant and mm plants are susceptible. Resistance can be measured, under greenhouse conditions, 2 weeks after planting, by injecting each seedling with a spore suspension. After two weeks, the seedlings can be rated as resistant or susceptible, based on whether or not tissue is actively sporulating. For this exercise we will use seed and data from the F10 generation of a recombinant inbred population produced using single seed…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches.

Introduction:

BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, $C a M$ is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Speciation happens when macroevolution happens. Macroevolution is the culmination of many small microevolutions. The causal forces behind these are selection, mutation, migration and more. The following example can illustrate how microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches:

The environment of a finch population has large seeds. The finches have long and shallow beaks to feed on these. Due to dry climate, large seeds decline and small seeds increase. To consume these, the beaks must be short and deep.

Thus, the expression of BMP4 increases to deepen the beak and activity of $C a M$ reduces to shorten the beak. If the dry climate extents to a longer period, the gene expression modifies permanently as mentioned to produce a species of finches that have short and deep beaks to feed on small seeds. Even when the conditions turn back to normal and large seeds are available again, they will still feed on small seeds. Thus a new population has originated (speciation) via macroevolution by the accumulation small evolutionary changes in the BMP4 and $C a M$ genes over time.

Conclusion

When microevolutionary changes accumulate over time, it pulls two populations so far apart that they form new species (macroevolution).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches.

Introduction:

BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, $C a M$ is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Speciation happens when macroevolution happens. Macroevolution is the culmination of many small microevolutions. The causal forces behind these are selection, mutation, migration and more. The following example can illustrate how microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches:

The environment of a finch population has large seeds. The finches have long and shallow beaks to feed on these. Due to dry climate, large seeds decline and small seeds increase. To consume these, the beaks must be short and deep.

Thus, the expression of BMP4 increases to deepen the beak and activity of $C a M$ reduces to shorten the beak. If the dry climate extents to a longer period, the gene expression modifies permanently as mentioned to produce a species of finches that have short and deep beaks to feed on small seeds. Even when the conditions turn back to normal and large seeds are available again, they will still feed on small seeds. Thus a new population has originated (speciation) via macroevolution by the accumulation small evolutionary changes in the BMP4 and $C a M$ genes over time.

Conclusion

When microevolutionary changes accumulate over time, it pulls two populations so far apart that they form new species (macroevolution).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches.

Introduction:

BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, $C a M$ is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Speciation happens when macroevolution happens. Macroevolution is the culmination of many small microevolutions. The causal forces behind these are selection, mutation, migration and more. The following example can illustrate how microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches:

The environment of a finch population has large seeds. The finches have long and shallow beaks to feed on these. Due to dry climate, large seeds decline and small seeds increase. To consume these, the beaks must be short and deep.

Thus, the expression of BMP4 increases to deepen the beak and activity of $C a M$ reduces to shorten the beak. If the dry climate extents to a longer period, the gene expression modifies permanently as mentioned to produce a species of finches that have short and deep beaks to feed on small seeds. Even when the conditions turn back to normal and large seeds are available again, they will still feed on small seeds. Thus a new population has originated (speciation) via macroevolution by the accumulation small evolutionary changes in the BMP4 and $C a M$ genes over time.

Conclusion

When microevolutionary changes accumulate over time, it pulls two populations so far apart that they form new species (macroevolution).

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches.

Introduction:

BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, $C a M$ is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Speciation happens when macroevolution happens. Macroevolution is the culmination of many small microevolutions. The causal forces behind these are selection, mutation, migration and more. The following example can illustrate how microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches:

The environment of a finch population has large seeds. The finches have long and shallow beaks to feed on these. Due to dry climate, large seeds decline and small seeds increase. To consume these, the beaks must be short and deep.

Thus, the expression of BMP4 increases to deepen the beak and activity of $C a M$ reduces to shorten the beak. If the dry climate extents to a longer period, the gene expression modifies permanently as mentioned to produce a species of finches that have short and deep beaks to feed on small seeds. Even when the conditions turn back to normal and large seeds are available again, they will still feed on small seeds. Thus a new population has originated (speciation) via macroevolution by the accumulation small evolutionary changes in the BMP4 and $C a M$ genes over time.

Conclusion

When microevolutionary changes accumulate over time, it pulls two populations so far apart that they form new species (macroevolution).

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches.

Introduction:

BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, $C a M$ is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Speciation happens when macroevolution happens. Macroevolution is the culmination of many small microevolutions. The causal forces behind these are selection, mutation, migration and more. The following example can illustrate how microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches:

The environment of a finch population has large seeds. The finches have long and shallow beaks to feed on these. Due to dry climate, large seeds decline and small seeds increase. To consume these, the beaks must be short and deep.

Thus, the expression of BMP4 increases to deepen the beak and activity of $C a M$ reduces to shorten the beak. If the dry climate extents to a longer period, the gene expression modifies permanently as mentioned to produce a species of finches that have short and deep beaks to feed on small seeds. Even when the conditions turn back to normal and large seeds are available again, they will still feed on small seeds. Thus a new population has originated (speciation) via macroevolution by the accumulation small evolutionary changes in the BMP4 and $C a M$ genes over time.

Conclusion

When microevolutionary changes accumulate over time, it pulls two populations so far apart that they form new species (macroevolution).

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches.

Introduction:

BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) is a gene that is responsible for the beak depth in the finches. On the other hand, $C a M$ is a gene called calmodulin that determines the length of the beaks in finches. These genes’ activity is not limited to finches only.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Speciation happens when macroevolution happens. Macroevolution is the culmination of many small microevolutions. The causal forces behind these are selection, mutation, migration and more. The following example can illustrate how microevolutionary changes in BMP4 and $C a M$ genes lead to speciation in finches:

The environment of a finch population has large seeds. The finches have long and shallow beaks to feed on these. Due to dry climate, large seeds decline and small seeds increase. To consume these, the beaks must be short and deep.

Thus, the expression of BMP4 increases to deepen the beak and activity of $C a M$ reduces to shorten the beak. If the dry climate extents to a longer period, the gene expression modifies permanently as mentioned to produce a species of finches that have short and deep beaks to feed on small seeds. Even when the conditions turn back to normal and large seeds are available again, they will still feed on small seeds. Thus a new population has originated (speciation) via macroevolution by the accumulation small evolutionary changes in the BMP4 and $C a M$ genes over time.