Chapter 17, Problem 17.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The change in pH in the Hawaii from the year 1988 to 2017 needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The level of dissolved carbon dioxide is inversely proportional to the pH of the ocean. The graph showing the variation of dissolved carbon dioxide, pH with year is shown as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of pH in 2100 needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The pH is calculated from hydroxonium ion concentration is represented as follows:

$\text{pH}=-\log \left[{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$

The percent change is calculated as follows:

$\text{Percent change}=\frac{{\left[{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}\right]}_{\text{final}}-{\left[{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}\right]}_{\text{initial}}}{{\left[{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}\right]}_{\text{initial}}}\times 100\%$

Here, $\left[{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$ is concentration of hydroxonium ion.