
Concept explainers
Answer Problem 17.29 for the following dinucleotide.
(a)

Interpretation:
Bases present in the below dinucleotide has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The skeleton structure of base in nucleic acid generally consists of a nitrogen atom in it. There are two types of bases that are pyrimidine base and purine base.
(a) Pyrimidine base consists of one ring and is present in uracil (U), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
(b) Purine base consists of two rings and is present in adenine (A) and guanine (G).
Explanation of Solution
The given structure contains two nucleotides that are nucleotide 1 and nucleotide 2 and is drawn as follows:
Nucleotide 1 contains a base with one ring in it thus is a pyrimidine base. Therefore, the name of base is thymine. Whereas nucleotide 2 contains a base with one ring in it thus is a pyrimidine base. Therefore, the name of base is cytosine.
(b)

Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Nucleotide is defined as basic unit for formation of nucleic acid that is essential for completion of metabolic reactions in body. The three basic components of nucleotide are as follows:
1 Nitrogen-containing base
2 Pentose sugar
3 Phosphate group
Dinucleotide is a polymer that is composed of two nucleotide units either of DNA or RNA that is bonded to each other through a covalent bond.
Explanation of Solution
Phosphate group is attached to
(c)

Interpretation:
Three or four letter abbreviation of below dinucleotide has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Nucleotides are named accordingly as follows:
1 Identify the type of sugar unit attached is ribose or deoxyribose. If in the structure of nucleoside there is
2 Identify the name of the different nitrogen bases present in the molecule. There are two types of bases that are pyrimidine base and purine base.
(a) Pyrimidine base consists of one ring and is present in uracil, cytosine, and thymine.
(b) Purine base consists of two rings and is present in adenine and guanine.
3 Nucleosides with pyrimidine bases end with the suffix
4 Identify the number of carbon atom to which phosphate group is attached. The prefix is added as mono, di or tri for numbers of phosphate groups present in the nucleotide.
Abbreviation is assigned with respect to the type of sugar. For ribose sugar, 3 letter abbreviation is used and for deoxyribose sugar, 4 letter abbreviation is used followed by d as a prefix.
Explanation of Solution
In the below structure of dinucleotide, base, phosphate group and monosaccharide are labeled as follows:
For nucleotide 1:
Name of nucleotide is assigned as follows:
1 There is no
2 It contains one ring, therefore, it is a pyrimidine base called thymine and suffix used is
3. Phosphate group is attached to
Hence, the name of the given nucleotide is
For nucleotide 2
Name of nucleotide is assigned as follows:
1 There is no
2 It contains one ring therefore is a pyrimidine base called cytosine and suffix used is
3. Phosphate group is attached to
Hence, the name of the given nucleotide is
(d)

Interpretation:
Whether the below nucleotide is ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (c).
Explanation of Solution
Since in the structure of dinucleotide both the nucleotide does not contain an
(e)

Interpretation:
Name of the below dinucleotide has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (c).
Explanation of Solution
The given structure contains two nucleotides that are nucleotide 1 and nucleotide 2 and is drawn as follows:
For nucleotide 1:
Name of nucleotide is assigned as follows:
1 There is no
2 It contains one ring, therefore, it is a pyrimidine base called thymine and suffix used is
3. Phosphate group is attached to
Hence, the name of the given nucleotide is
For nucleotide 2:
Name of nucleotide is assigned as follows:
1 There is no
2 It contains one ring, therefore, it is a pyrimidine base called cytosine and suffix used is
3. Phosphate group is attached to
Hence, the name of the given nucleotide is
Therefore, the name of the dinucleotide is TC.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Principles of General Organic & Biological Chemistry
- Draw the titration curve of (i) weak acid vs. strong base; (ii) weak acid vs. weakbase; (iii) diprotic acid with strong base (iii) triprotic acid with strong base.arrow_forwardComplete the reaction in the drawing area below by adding the major products to the right-hand side. If there won't be any products, because nothing will happen under these reaction conditions, check the box under the drawing area instead. Note: if the products contain one or more pairs of enantiomers, don't worry about drawing each enantiomer with dash and wedge bonds. Just draw one molecule to represent each pair of enantiomers, using line bonds at the chiral center. More... No reaction. my ㄖˋ + 1. Na O Me Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2. H +arrow_forwardPredict the intermediate 1 and final product 2 of this organic reaction: NaOMe H+ + 1 2 H H work up You can draw 1 and 2 in any arrangement you like. Note: if either 1 or 2 consists of a pair of enantiomers, just draw one structure using line bonds instead of 3D (dash and wedge) bonds at the chiral center. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X $ dmarrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. NaH (20°C) 2. CH3Br ? Some notes: • Draw only the major product, or products. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds where necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • If there are no products, just check the box under the drawing area. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G Crarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LDA (-78°C) ? 2. Br Some notes: • Draw only the major product, or products. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. . • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds where necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • If there are no products, just check the box under the drawing area. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardPlease draw the structuresarrow_forward
- Draw the missing intermediates 1 and 2, plus the final product 3, of this synthesis: 0 1. Eto 1. Eto- 1 2 2. MeBr 2. EtBr H3O+ A 3 You can draw the three structures in any arrangement you like. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardDraw the missing intermediate 1 and final product 2 of this synthesis: 1. MeO- H3O+ 1 2 2. PrBr Δ You can draw the two structures in any arrangement you like. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardWhat is the differences between: Glyceride and phosphoglyceride Wax and Fat Soap and Fatty acid HDL and LDL cholesterol Phospho lipids and sphingosine What are the types of lipids? What are the main lipid components of membrane structures? How could lipids play important rules as signaling molecules and building units? The structure variety of lipids makes them to play significant rules in our body, conclude breifly on this statement.arrow_forward
- What is the differences between DNA and RNA for the following: - structure - function - type What is the meaning of: - replication - transcription - translation show the base pair connection(hydrogen bond) in DNA and RNAarrow_forwardWhat is the IP for a amino acid- give an example what are the types of amino acids What are the structures of proteins The N-Terminal analysis by the Edman method shows saralasin contains sarcosine at the N-terminus. Partial hydrolysis of saralasin with dilute hydrochloric acid yields the following fragments: Try-Val-His Sar-Arg-Val His-Pro-Ala Val- Tyr- Val Arg-Val-Tyr What is the structure of saralasin?arrow_forwardWhat is the IP for a amino acid- give an example what are the types of amino acids What are the structures of proteins The N-Terminal analysis by the Edman method shows saralasin contains sarcosine at the N-terminus. Partial hydrolysis of saralasin with dilute hydrochloric acid yields the following fragments: Try-Val-His Sar-Arg-Val His-Pro-Ala Val- Tyr- Val Arg-Val-Tyr What is the structure of saralasin?arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning





