
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING (LOOSELEAF)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604701
Author: GHILANI
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 17, Problem 17.1P
To determine
A list of methods that can be used to display relief on a map.
Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution
- Contours are the most common method used to show relief or elevation in a topo map. Contour lines are the imaginary lines that join same elevation above the mean sea level. The elevation represents the vertical height from mean sea level. Contour lines to display relief are shown in fig.1.
Fig.1
- Form lines are the approximate contours lines which do not shows the accurate elevations. Form lines are used to find the minor details in a topo map. Form lines are represented as dashed lines and it is no labeled with the representative elevations.
- Spot heights are denoted by a black dot followed by a number, which shows the accurate height of the place and the number denotes the height of the place.
- Hachures are the discontinuous parallel lines drawn along the direction of maximum slope, which does not represent the accurate elevation and is mainly used to show large, rocky outcrop areas. These lines are drawn thickly on the high slopes and thinly on the low slope.
- Layer tinting is the method of representing different elevations by means of color. A different color is used to represent each elevation. Layer tinting does not show the accurate height of the specific place.
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Students have asked these similar questions
TITLE: DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS USING STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD.
PROBLEM:
Design a rectangular concrete beam section for positive moment and negative moment for the loads
(unfactored) and p values given. Show sketch of cross section, including bar size, arrangement and
spacing. Use concrete weight = 236 kN/m³, fy = 414 MPa, f`c = 27.6 MPa, p = 0.5Pmax
concrete cover = 40 mm, tie bar = 10 mm Ø.Deadload : w₁₁ = 90 kN/m
Live Load: WLL = 40 kN/m and PLL = 3kN. Assume beam weight equal to 8 kN/m.
PLL
W = WDL + WLL +Selfweight of beam
3.5m
7 m
3.5m
Use p =Pmax (SUPPORT ONLY)
COMPUTATION:
Required:
1. Factored Load
2. Required moment Mu, using NSCP 2015 load combination.
a. at the left support
b. at the mid-span
c. at the right support
3. Design a singly reinforced rectangular beam:
a. at the left support
b. at the mid-span
c. at the right support
Use b=0.54d and 32-mm diameter bar.
4. Check adequacy:
a. at the left support
b. at the mid-span
c. at the right support
SKETCH
For the truss and loading shown given that thedistances AD=DG=12, BE=EH=12, and GH=12, determine the forcesof each member
س 1 تم أخذ قرار استثماري من قبل احدى الشركات المتخصصة في مجال البيئة والطاقة بالدخول في مشروع
انشاء ابنية مستدامة وثبتت الشركة رغبتها بالحصول على عائد سنوي ثابت مقداره 50,000 دولار لمدة
ثمانية سنوات بالاضافة الى عائد يغطي سداد ايجار مقر الشركة مقداره 35,000 دولار كل اربع سنوات, فاذا
كانت المصاريف التشغيلية السنوية 20,000 دولار و نسبة الفائدة 10% % ماهو المبلغ الواجب استثماره
من قبل الشركة لغرض تحقيق هذه العوائد؟
س2/ احسب القيمة المستقبلية المكافئة ( Future worth value ) للمشروع الاستثماري المبينة بياناته
الاقتصادية في ادناه
رأس المال Investment Cost
الفقرة
تكاليف التشغيل السنوية Annual Operating Cost
العوائد السنوية Annual Revenue
عمر المشروع Useful life
Interest rate
نسبة الفائدة
Inflation rate نسبة التضخم
المبلغ ($)
800,000
30,000
150,000
10 years
12%
4%
Chapter 17 Solutions
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING (LOOSELEAF)
Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.2PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.3PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.4PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.5PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.6PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.7PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.8PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.9PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.10P
Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.11PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.12PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.13PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.14PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.15PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.16PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.17PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.18PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.19PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.20PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.21PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.22PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.23PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.24PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.25PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.26PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.27PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.28PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.29PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.30PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.31PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.32PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.33PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.34PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.35P
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