Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach ( 9th International Edition ) ISBN:9781260092684
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260048667
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr.; Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16.6, Problem 12P
To determine
The temperature at which 10 percent of
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An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.35 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1400 K (1127°C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface
with the oxygen in the atmosphere; that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what position will the carbon concentration he 0.15 wt% after a 10-h treatment? The value of D at 1400 K is 6.9 x 10m²'s
An iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.268 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1040°C.
Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere; that is, the
carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0.0 wt% C. At what position will the carbon concentration
be 0.201 wt% after a 7 h treatment? The value of D at 1040°C is 2.5 × 10-¹1 m²/s.
erf(z)
erf(z)
0.55 0.5633 1.3
0.025 0.0282 0.60 0.6039 1.4 0.9523
0.0564 0.65 0.6420 1.5
Z
0.00
0.05
0.15
0.0000
0.10 0.1125 0.70 0.6778
0.20
Z
0.1680 0.75 0.7112 1.7
0.2227 0.80 0.7421 1.8
0.45 0.4755 1.1
0.50 0.5205
Z
1.6
1.2 0.9103
erf(z)
0.9340
2.8
0.9661
0.25 0.2763 0.85 0.7707 1.9 0.9928
0.30 0.3286 0.90 0.7970
2.0 0.9953
0.35 0.3794 0.95 0.8209 2.2
0.40 0.4284 1.0
0.8427 2.4
0.9763
0.9838
0.9891
0.9981
0.8802 2.6 0.9998
0.9993
0.9999
An iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.240 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1100°C. Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere; that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0.0 wt% C. At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.180 wt% after a 7 h treatment? The value of D at 1100°C is 3.7 × 10-11 m2/s.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach ( 9th International Edition ) ISBN:9781260092684
Ch. 16.6 - Why is the criterion for chemical equilibrium...Ch. 16.6 - Write three different KPrelations for reacting...Ch. 16.6 - Is a wooden table in chemical equilibrium with the...Ch. 16.6 - A reaction chamber contains a mixture of CO2, CO,...Ch. 16.6 - A reaction chamber contains a mixture of N2and N...Ch. 16.6 - A reaction chamber contains a mixture of CO2, CO,...Ch. 16.6 - Which element is more likely to dissociate into...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 8PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 9PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 11PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 12PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 13PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 14PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 15PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 17PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 18PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 19PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 20PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 21PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 22PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 16.6 - Determine the equilibrium constant KP for the...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 26PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 27PCh. 16.6 - Carbon monoxide is burned with 100 percent excess...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 30PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 31PCh. 16.6 - Estimate KP for the following equilibrium reaction...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 33PCh. 16.6 - A mixture of 3 mol of N2, 1 mol of O2, and 0.1 mol...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 35PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 36PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 37PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 38PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 40PCh. 16.6 - What is the equilibrium criterion for systems that...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 43PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 44PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 45PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 47PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 48PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 51PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 52PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 53PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 54PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 55PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 56PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 58PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 59PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 60PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 61PCh. 16.6 - Using the Henrys constant data for a gas dissolved...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 63PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 64PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 65PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 66PCh. 16.6 - A liquid-vapor mixture of refrigerant-134a is at...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 68PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 69PCh. 16.6 - An oxygennitrogen mixture consists of 30 kg of...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 71PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 72PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 73PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 74PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 75PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 76PCh. 16.6 - An ammoniawater absorption refrigeration unit...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 78PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 79PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 80PCh. 16.6 - One lbmol of refrigerant-134a is mixed with 1...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 82RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 83RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 84RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 85RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 88RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 89RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 90RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 91RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 92RPCh. 16.6 - A constant-volume tank contains a mixture of 1 mol...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 94RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 95RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 96RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 97RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 99RPCh. 16.6 - Consider a glass of water in a room at 25C and 100...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 101RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 102RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 105RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 106RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 107RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 108RPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 109FEPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 110FEPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 111FEPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 112FEPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 113FEPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 114FEPCh. 16.6 - Propane C3H8 is burned with air, and the...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 116FEPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 117FEPCh. 16.6 - The solubility of nitrogen gas in rubber at 25C is...
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