A major product in the given reaction should be found. Concept Introduction: The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile. Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.16, Problem 52P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

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Indicate the correct option.a) Graphite conducts electricity, being an isotropic materialb) Graphite is not a conductor of electricityc) Both are false

(f) SO: Best Lewis Structure 3 e group geometry:_ shape/molecular geometry:, (g) CF2CF2 Best Lewis Structure polarity: e group arrangement:_ shape/molecular geometry: (h) (NH4)2SO4 Best Lewis Structure polarity: e group arrangement: shape/molecular geometry: polarity: Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles):

1. Problem Set 3b Chem 141 For each of the following compounds draw the BEST Lewis Structure then sketch the molecule (showing bond angles). Identify (i) electron group geometry (ii) shape around EACH central atom (iii) whether the molecule is polar or non-polar (iv) (a) SeF4 Best Lewis Structure e group arrangement:_ shape/molecular geometry: polarity: (b) AsOBr3 Best Lewis Structure e group arrangement:_ shape/molecular geometry: polarity: Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles):

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16.16, Problem 52P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16.16, Problem 52P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16.16, Problem 52P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16.16, Problem 52P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 6

Chapter 16.16, Problem 52P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 7

Chapter 16.16, Problem 52P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A major product in the given reaction should be found.

Concept Introduction:

The resonance gives for α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compound which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions are β- carbon and carbonyl carbon. That is a nucleophile can be add either to β- carbon or carbonyl carbon. Conjugate addition and direct addition are depending upon the nature of the nucleophile.

Nucleophilic addition to the β- carbon (conjugate addition) is irreversible.

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon (direct addition) is irreversible or reversible. When nucleophile is weak base such as alcohol, an amine or thiol, then direct addition is reversible, because of weak base is worthy leaving group.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 16.1 - Give two names for each of the following:Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16.1 - Name the following:Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16.4 - What products are formed when the following...Ch. 16.4 - We saw on the previous page that...Ch. 16.4 - a. How many stereoisomers are obtained from the...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16.4 - Write the mechanism for the reaction of acetyl...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 11P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the resonance gives for ,- unsaturated carbonyl compound, which shoes that the compound has two electrophilic positions, is a nucleophile.

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Chapter 16 Solutions