
(a)
Interpretation:
Direction of shift of equilibrium with changes brought in below equation has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Le Chatelier’s principle states that changes at equilibrium in system respond to reduce the changes and bring back the system to restore its equilibrium under new conditions. This principle follows certain conditions that are as follows:
1 With increase in concentration of reactants the reaction moves towards forward direction thus this increases the concentration of products. Whereas with increase in concentration of product reaction shifts towards reverse direction. This increases the concentration of reactants.
2 Change in volume affects
3 With increase in temperature reaction rate rises due to rise in kinetic energy. In case of endothermic reaction that is when energy is absorbed then the reaction moves in forward direction. In case of exothermic reaction that is when energy is released then reaction moves in backward direction.
4 Catalyst is a substance that affects rate of
(b)
Interpretation:
Direction of shift of equilibrium with changes brought in below equation has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
Direction of shift of equilibrium with changes brought in below equation has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 16 Solutions
Foundations of College Chemistry, Binder Ready Version
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