WHAT IS LIFE LL W/ LAUNCHPAD
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319231859
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The three trade-offs are between reproduction and survival, reproduction and growth, and the number of offsprings and their size.
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The following equation is used to calculate the population growth rate, Ro, per generation from a life
table. Iy is survival probability from birth to age x and my is fecundity at age x.
Ro = Elkm
Multiplying ly and my and summing it over all age categories in the life table gives the population growth
rate per generation because:
Calculating the reproductive output for each age class requires considering the survival probability to
that age (a dead individual does not reproduce) and the fecundity at that age by multiplying them
with each other. Summing over reproductive output for all age classes gives the total per capita
growth rate of the population
The fecundity at each age is lower when the survival is higher because of energy constraints.
Multiplying probability of survival and fecundity in each age class takes this trade-off into account.
Summing over reproductive output for all age classes gives the total per capita growth rate of the
population
The resulting type of growth…
For which organism would it be advantageous to allocate more resources to reproduction than to growth?
A. One with a long life span
B. One with low adult survival rates
C. One in which fecundity increases with increased body size
D. One in which offspring survival is very low
E. None of the above
Monarch butterflies are a migratory species that flies south once during the lifetime of an individual. One specific population flies to Cuba, where it encounters and shares habitat with resident monarchs that do not migrate and stay within Cuba their entire lifespan. The table shows comparisons between the two populations.
What data indicate the greatest difference between the populations?
A. Male to female ratioB. Difference in wing sizeC. Higher mean weightD . Average of wing angle
Chapter 16 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE LL W/ LAUNCHPAD
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- According to Grimes model, which characteristics (life history traits) apply to individuals in the "Competitive" strategy? Question 10 options: The offspring have a high survival rate All of these They produce relatively few offspring They are very mobile They invest very little in their offspring They have an older age of maturityarrow_forwardGiven that fertility rate is defined as each woman producing exactly enough offspring to replace herself and her offspring’s father, if the fertility rate is sustained for a generation, then which of the following is true? Select one: a. r > 1 b. 0 < r < 1 c. r = 0 and there is zero population growth d. r = 1arrow_forwardYou discover a new species of reptile that can either lay eggs or have live birth. Rats and other small mammals consume the eggs in some areas. In which environment would you expect viviparity? A. High abundance of rats B. Low abundance of rats choose between a and b and also provide rationalearrow_forward
- Newborn young would fall under which category of a population’s age structure? a. Para-reproductive stage b. Reproductive stage c. Pre-reproductive stage d. Non-reproductive stage e. Post-reproductive stagearrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the next question. While studying a population of finches, a researcher notices that the change in population size for the finches after one year is negative. To explain this, the researcher makes a few statements. Which of the following statements about the above population is correct? The natality rate would have been higher than the mortality rate The rate of immigration would have been higher than the rate of emigration. The sum of births and immigration would have been greater than the sum of deaths and emigration. The sum of deaths and emigration would have been greater than the sum of births and immigration.arrow_forwardFecundity is defined as the number of offspring produced pera. mating.b. brood.c. year.d. individual.arrow_forward
- Before a butterfly develops,is passes through a stage where it becomes a caterpillar.It stays in this stage for about 2-5 weeks,exposed to much danger because it is subject to weather conditions,disease,parasites,and predators.Choose the correct answer for this situation. A.Life Course B.Life Cycle C. Life structure D.Structure Building E.Structure Changingarrow_forwardDefine selection and relate this to relative reproductive success?arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions using this information: Bowhead whales can live up to 150 years, reproducing first when they reach 25 years of age, which is when they leave their mother. The survival curve for this whale species is shown below. Indicate which answer is correct about this whale. % alive age in years 150 O They have a type 1 survival curve and show little parental care of offspring. O They have a type 2 survival curve and show strong parental care of offspring. They have a type 1 survival curve and show strong parental care of offspring O They have a type 3 survival curve and little parental care of offspring.arrow_forward
- You discover a new species of reptile that can either lay eggs or have live birth. The species has a broad range from warm subtropical areas to cool temperate areas. In which environment would you expect oviparity? A. Cool temperate B. Warm subtropical Choose between a and b and provide rationalearrow_forwardIn every beehive, there is one queen bee who lays all the eggs. If an egg is not fertilised, it hatches into a male bee, called drone. If an egg is fertilised, it hatches into a lady worker bee, which does not lay any eggs.a. Consider a drone. How many parents, grandparents, great grandparents, great-great grandparents, great-great-great grandparents, great-great-greatgreat grandparents does it have?b. Write a mathematical sentence which can be used to represent the number grandparents a drone has during a particular generation.arrow_forwardThe second assumption in formulating Lack's (1947) hypothesis is that clutch size affects only offspring survival. The data that are presented in the figure were obtained in an experiment conducted by Schluter and Gustafsson in 1993 to test this assumption. The researchers removed or added eggs to nests and monitored the offspring that hatched from the nests, recording subsequently the reproductive output for offspring females after they had matured. i. Females reared in nests from which eggs had been removed produced larger clutches. ii. Females reared in nests into which eggs had been added produced smaller clutches. iii. Observations described in statements i and ii are consistent with the second assumption. iv. Observations described in statements i and ii reveal a trade-off between offspring quantity and quality. Question 3 options: A) All statements convey accurate information. B) Statements i and ii convey…arrow_forward
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