Interpretation:
The oxidation state of every elements is to be determined for each of the given compound.
Concept introduction:
Oxygen acceptor tendency of any atom is oxidation state of that atom.
Oxidation state is defined as a charge which an atom of the element has in its ion or appears to have when present in the combined state with other atoms.
Rule for calculation of oxidation state is as follows:
In free element oxidation state of atom is
In monoatomic ion oxidation is equal to its charge.
The sum of oxidation of all atoms in neutral molecule is
In ionic compound oxidation state is equal to the charge on the compound.
Charge of oxygen is
The oxidation of non-metals is calculated with the help of hierarchical table.
The charge on alkali metal is
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INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY-W/SEL.SOLN.MAN.
- 4.112 A metallurgical firm wishes to dispose of 1300 gallons of waste sulfuric acid whose molarity is 1.37 M. Before disposal, it will be reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), which costs $0.23 per pound. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this process. (b) Determine the cost that the firm will incur from this use of slaked lime.arrow_forwardA transition metal X forms an oxide of formula X2O3. It is found that only 50% of X atoms in this compound are in the +3 oxidation state. The only other stable oxidation states of X are +2 and +5. What percentage of X atoms are in the +2 oxidation state in this compound?arrow_forwardThe mineral dolomite contains magnesium carbon-ate. This reacts with hydrochloric add. MgCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) CO2(g) + MgCl2(aq) + H2O() (a) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction and identify the spectator ions. (b) What type of reaction is this?arrow_forward
- The blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forwardTriiodide ions are generated in solution by the following (unbalanced) reaction in acidic solution: IO3(aq) + I(aq) I3(aq) Triiodide ion concentration is determined by titration with a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution. The products are iodide ion and tetrathionate ion (S4O6). a. Balance the equation for the reaction of IO3 with I ions. b. A sample of 0.6013 g of potassium iodate was dissolved in water. Hydrochloric acid and solid potassium iodide were then added. What is the minimum mass of solid KI and the minimum volume of 3.00 M HQ required to convert all of the IO3 ions to I ions? c. Write and balance the equation for the reaction of S2O32 with I3 in acidic solution. d. A 25.00-mL sample of a 0.0100 M solution of KIO. is reacted with an excess of KI. It requires 32.04 mL of Na2S2O3 solution to titrate the I3 ions present. What is the molarity of the Na2S2O3 solution? e. How would you prepare 500.0 mL of the KIO3 solution in part d using solid KIO3?arrow_forwardGold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forward
- Magnesium metal (a component of alloys used in aircraft and a reducing agent used in the production of uranium, titanium, and other active metals) is isolated from sea water by the following sequence of reactions: Mg2+(aq)+Ca(OH)2(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+Ca2+(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+2HCl(aq)MgCl2(s)+2H2O(l)MgCl2(l)electrolysisMg(s)+Cl2+Cl2(g) Sea water has a density of 1.026 g/cm3 and contains 1272 parts per million of magnesium a5 Mg2+(aq) by mass. What mass, in kilograms, of Ca(OH)2; is required to precipitate 99.9% of the magnesium in 1.00103 L of sea water?arrow_forwardChlorine gas was first prepared in 1774 by C. W. Scheele by oxidizing sodium chloride with manganese(IV) oxide. The reaction is NaCl(aq) + H2SO4(aq) + MnO2(s) Na2SO4(aq) + MnCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + Cl2 (g) Balance this equation.arrow_forwardWhen organic compounds containing sulfur are burned, sulfur dioxide is produced. The amount of SO2formed can be determined by the reaction with hydrogen peroxide: H2O2(aq)+SO2(g)H2SO4(aq) The resulting sulfuric acid is then titrated with a standard NaOH solution. A 1 .302-g sample of coal is burned, and the SO2is collected in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. It took 28.44 mL of a 0.1000 M NaOH solution to titrate the resulting sulfuric acid. Calculate the mass percent of sulfur in the coal sample. Sulfuric acid has two acidic hydrogens.arrow_forward
- Aqueous hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid) is used to etch glass and to analyze minerals for their silicon content. Hydrogen fluoride will also react with sand (silicon dioxide). (a) Write an equation for the reaction of solid silicon dioxide with hydrofluoric acid to yield gaseous silicon tetrafluoride and liquid water. (b) The mineral fluorite (calcium fluoride) occurs extensively in Illinois. Solid calcium fluoride can also be prepared by the reaction of aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium fluoride, yielding aqueous sodium chloride as the other product. Write complete and net ionic equations for this reaction.arrow_forwardXenon trioxide, XeO3, reacts with aqueous base to form the xenate anion, HXeO4. This ion reacts further with OH to form the perxenate anion, XeO64, in the following reaction: 2HXeO4(aq)+2OH(aq)XeO64(aq)+Xe(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(l) Identify the elements that are oxidized and reduced in this reaction. You will note that the equation is balanced with respect to the number of atoms on either side. Verify that the redox part of this equation is also balanced, that is, that the extents of oxidation and reduction are also equal.arrow_forwardWhen organic compounds containing sulfur are burned, sulfurdioxide is produced. The amount of SO2 formed can be determined by the reaction with hydrogen peroxide: H2O2(aq)+SO2(g)H2SO4(aq) The resulting sulfuric acid is then titrated with a standard NaOH solution. A 1.302-g sample of coal is burned and the SO2 is collected in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. It took 28.44 mL of a 0.1000-M NaOH solution to titrate the resulting sulfuric acid. Calculate the mass percent of sulfur in the coal sample. Sulfuric acid has two acidic hydrogens.arrow_forward
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