For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers. Concept introduction: Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes ( π-system ) , in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring. The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene. The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes ( ring closure ) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene. According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions , π-systems Thermal Photochemical 4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory 6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other. To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

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Reagan is doing an atomic absorption experiment that requires a set of zinc standards in the 0.4- 1.6 ppm range. A 1000 ppm Zn solution was prepared by dissolving the necessary amount of solid Zn(NO3)2 in water. The standards can be prepared by diluting the 1000 ppm Zn solution. Table 1 shows one possible set of serial dilutions (stepwise dilution of a solution) that Reagan could perform to make the necessary standards. Solution A was prepared by diluting 5.00 ml of the 1000 ppm Zn standard to 50.00 ml. Solutions C-E are called "calibration standards" because they will be used to calibrate the atomic absorption spectrometer. Table 1: Dilutions of Zinc Solutions Solution Zinc Solution Volume Diluted Solution Concentration used volume (ppm Zn) (mL) (mL) concentration (ppm Zn) Solution concentration A 1000 5.00 50.00 1.00×10² (ppm Zn(NO3)2) 2.90×10² Solution concentration (M Zn(NO3)2 1.53×10-3 B Solution A 5.00 100.00 5.00 C Solution B 5.00 50.00 0.50 7.65×10-6 D Solution B 10.00 50.00…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reactions, the product formed should be explained whether it is meso- compound or a pair of enantiomers.

Concept introduction:

Electrocyclic reaction is a concerted cyclization reaction of conjugated polyenes (π-system), in which one π-bond is converted into an σ-bond and remaining π-bonds shift their positions. Thereby the newly formed σ-bond connects the two ends of π-system to form a ring.

The mechanism of the ring formation in the Electrocyclic reaction is drawn by using arrows representing the forming σ-bond and the shifting of π-bonds in the π-system of a polyene.

The reaction conditions (thermal or photochemical) controls the product in such a way that the rotation for end lobes (ring closure) of the HOMO of conjugated (π-system) polyene.

According to Woodward-Hoffmann rule for thermal and photochemical Electrocyclic reactions,

π-systems Thermal Photochemical
4- π-electrons Conrotatory Disrotatory
6- π-electrons Disrotatory Conrotatory

Meso-compound is superimposable to its mirror image.

Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

To explain: the product formed is meso compound or a pair of enantiomers for each of the given reactions.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 6PTS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 7PTS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 8ATS Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 2LTS

π-systems	Thermal	Photochemical
4- π-electrons	Conrotatory	Disrotatory
6- π-electrons	Disrotatory	Conrotatory

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Chapter 16 Solutions