PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
14th Edition
ISBN: 2810015433483
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 4RQ
Why might it be difficult for a buyer and seller to agree on a
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2. Question
The 'Democratic Family' consists of three members {mother m, father f, daughter
d}, that have different preferences with respect to how much money X € [0,8]
they think should be invested in the new family car. These preferences can be
represented by the following utility functions:
-
Mother m: um(X) = 2X - X²
Father f: uf(X) = 10X - X²
- Daughter d: ud(X) = 4X - X²
Calculate for each family member (f, m, d) the preferred amount of money
to invest in the new car denoted by X; for i = {m, f,d}. Assume that
(Xf, Xm, Xd) are the three alternatives on which the family must decide. Show
that each family member has rational preferences over this domain.
Preferences on the family level are determined by pairwise majority voting (all
family members vote on two alternatives). Derive the family preference and
check whether it is rational.
Assume that the final family decision is made by conducting sequential pair-
wise majority voting, where the loosing alternative is eliminated. Does…
3. Question
You invented a new lateral-flow test for asymptomatic Covid-19 detection,
where saliva is entered into a test-tube and then the result is shown directly
on the device. However, to save on costly chemicals you designed the tests
such that it always reports a negative test result. Assume that the incidence
rate is 5 per 1000 and that your test is used for detection of asymptomatic
cases (without symptoms).
(a) Calculate the probability that 100 randomly determined volunteers receive
a correct test result by using the AND-rule and the OR-rule. Can your
test be qualified as a diagnostic test?
(b) The health authorities are investigating the performance of your test.
Government guidelines require a specificity (conditional probability to re-
ceive a negative test result given that the test-taker is not infected with
COVID19) of at least 97% and a sensitivity (conditional probability to
receive a positive test result given that the test-taker is infected with
COVID-19) of at…
3. Question
You invented a new lateral-flow test for asymptomatic Covid-19 detection,
where saliva is entered into a test-tube and then the result is shown directly
on the device. However, to save on costly chemicals you designed the tests
such that it always reports a negative test result. Assume that the incidence
rate is 5 per 1000 and that your test is used for detection of asymptomatic
cases (without symptoms).
(a) Calculate the probability that 100 randomly determined volunteers receive
a correct test result by using the AND-rule and the OR-rule. Can your
test be qualified as a diagnostic test?
(b) The health authorities are investigating the performance of your test.
Government guidelines require a specificity (conditional probability to re-
ceive a negative test result given that the test-taker is not infected with
COVID19) of at least 97% and a sensitivity (conditional probability to
receive a positive test result given that the test-taker is infected with
COVID-19) of at…
Chapter 16 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
Ch. 16 - For each of the following purchases, say whether...Ch. 16 - Why is there asymmetric information in the labor...Ch. 16 - Why is it difficult to measure health outcomes?Ch. 16 - Why might it be difficult for a buyer and seller...Ch. 16 - What do economists (and used-car dealers) mean by...Ch. 16 - What are some ways a seller of goods might...Ch. 16 - What are some ways a seller of labor (that is,...Ch. 16 - What are some ways that someone looking for a loan...Ch. 16 - What is an insurance premium?Ch. 16 - In an insurance system, would you expect each...
Ch. 16 - What is an actuarially fair insurance policy?Ch. 16 - What is the problem of moral hazard?Ch. 16 - How can moral hazard lead to more costly insurance...Ch. 16 - Define deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance.Ch. 16 - How can deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance...Ch. 16 - What is the key difference between a...Ch. 16 - How might adverse selection make it difficult for...Ch. 16 - What are some of the metrics economists use to...Ch. 16 - You are on the board of directors of a private...Ch. 16 - A website offers a place for people to buy and...Ch. 16 - How do you think the problem of moral hazard might...Ch. 16 - To what sorts of customers would an insurance...Ch. 16 - Using Exercise 16.20, sketch the effects in parts...
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