
a)
The question requires us to determine the factor that causes a change in planned investment, and unplanned investment, and indicate the direction of the change.
a)

Explanation of Solution
When consumer spending increases unexpectedly, the demand for goods and services rises and reflects a fall in the inventory stock of the firms because firms will use their inventory stocks to satisfy this higher demand. So, the unplanned inventory investment will fall due to a fall in the inventory stocks.
Investment has two major components:
- Planned investment: The intended investment undertaken by the firms during a given financial period is considered a planned investment in an economy.
- Unplanned inventory investment: Inventories are stocks of unsold intermediate goods and final goods. Any changes in the stock of inventories are considered inventory investments. An unexpected fall and rise in inventory investments are considered unplanned inventory investments in an economy.
b)
The question requires us to determine the factor that causes a change in planned investment, and unplanned investment, and indicate the direction of the change.
b)

Explanation of Solution
A sharp rise in the interest rate hikes the borrowing costs to the firms by a large extent and thus discourages the firms to make investments. As a result, the planned industry in the firm will fall.
c)
The question requires us to determine the factor that causes a change in planned investment, and unplanned investment, and indicate the direction of the change.
c)

Explanation of Solution
An increase in real
d)
The question requires us to determine the factor that causes a change in planned investment, and unplanned investment, and indicate the direction of the change.
d)

Explanation of Solution
An unexpected fall in sales reflects a higher level of leftover stocks of inventories in form of intermediate and final products. These inventories will be considered positive unplanned inventory investments in the firm in the next period. So, the unplanned inventory investment will increase.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Krugman's Economics For The Ap® Course
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