Chapter 16, Problem 3DA

To determine

The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year by each car based on the fuel consumption calculated in question 2, assuming that the combustion of gasoline releases 2.3 kilograms of carbon dioxide per liter.

Answer to Problem 3DA

Model	Miles per Gallon (mpg)	Kilometers per Liter (kpl)	Annual Liters (Gallons) of Gasoline	Annual ${\text{CO}}_2$ Emissions
Toyota Prius Hybrid	50	21.22	909.52	2091.89
Ford Focus AM-6	31	13.16	1466.56	3373.09
Chevrolet Cruze A-S6	30	12.73	1516.10	3487.03
Honda Accord	27	11.46	1684.11	3873.45
Ford F150 A-S6 Pickup	19	8.063	2393.65	5505.395
Jeep Grand Cherokee A-6 SUV	16	6.79	2842.41	6537.54
Lamborghini Aventador Coupe	13	5.51	3502.72	8056.25

Explanation of Solution

Given info:

Model	Miles per Gallon (mpg)	Kilometers per Liter (kpl)	Annual Liters (Gallons) of Gasoline
Toyota Prius Hybrid	50	21.22	909.52
Ford Focus AM-6	31	13.16	1466.56
Chevrolet Cruze A-S6	30	12.73	1516.10
Honda Accord	27	11.46	1684.11
Ford F150 A-S6 Pickup	19	8.063	2393.65
Jeep Grand Cherokee A-6 SUV	16	6.79	2842.41
Lamborghini Aventador Coupe	13	5.51	3502.72

$\begin{array}{l}1\text{mile}=1.6\text{kilometers}\\ 1\text{liter}=0.265\text{gallon}\\ 1\text{gallon}=3.77\text{liters}\end{array}$

The equation for converting the miles per gallon figures of Toyota Prius Hybrid in to kilometers per liter is as follows:

$\text{Kilometers per liter}\text{of}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}\text{=}\frac{\text{Miles per gallon}\text{of}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}\times \text{1}\text{.6}\text{kms}}{3.77\text{liter}}$

Substitute the given values in following equation:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Kilometers per liter}\text{of}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}=\frac{50\text{mpg}\times \text{1}\text{.6}\text{kms}}{3.77\text{liter}}\\ =\frac{80\text{kms}}{3.77\text{liter}}\\ =21.22\text{kpl}\end{array}$

Similarly, the miles per gallon figures can be converted into kilometers per liter for all the models.

Therefore, the amount of gasoline used by each car annually if it was driven 19,300 kilometers (12,000 miles) per year can be calculated as follows:

$\text{The amount of gasoline used by each car annually}\text{in}\text{liters}\text{=}\frac{\text{Distance}\text{driven}\text{by}\text{the}\text{car}\text{per}\text{year}}{\text{Kilometers}\text{per}\text{liter}}$

To calculate the amount of gasoline used by Toyota Prius Hybrid annually if it was driven 19,300 kilometers (12,000 miles) per year, substitute the given values in the equation. Then, the following value is obtained:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{The amount of gasoline used by Toyota Prius Hybrid}\text{annually}\text{in}\text{liters}\text{=}\frac{19300\text{kilometers}}{21.22\text{kpl}}\\ =909.52\text{liters}\end{array}$ Similarly, the amount of gasoline used by each car can be calculated.

The equation for calculating the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year is as follows:

$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{The amount of carbon dioxide}\\ \text{ released}\text{into}\text{the atmosphere }\\ \text{each year}\text{by}\text{a}\text{car}\end{array}\right\}=\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Annual Liters of }\\ \text{Gasoline}\text{used by }\text{a}\text{car}\end{array}\right)\times \left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Amount}\text{of}\text{carbon}\text{dioxide}\\ \text{released}\text{by}\text{one}\text{liter}\text{of}\text{gasoline}\end{array}\right)$

Substitute the given values in the equation to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year. Then, the following is obtained:

$\begin{array}{c}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{The amount of carbon dioxide released}\text{into}\text{the }\\ \text{atmosphere each year}\text{by}\text{Toyota Prius Hybrid}\end{array}\right\}=909.52\text{liters}\times 2.3\text{kg}\\ \text{=}2091.89\text{kilograms}\end{array}$