Concept explainers
Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they
- A. express different genes.
- B. contain different genes.
- C. use different genetic codes.
- D. have unique ribosomes.
Introduction:
Nerve cells and muscle cells are specialized and differentiated cells. They have their unique and specialized functions, structure, and characteristics. Nerve cells help in the transfer of electrical impulses through synapses, while muscle cells provide structure to the body and help in mobility.
Answer to Problem 1TYU
Correct answer:
The basic difference between nerve and muscle cell is their gene expression. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reasons for the correct statement:
Cells become specialized only when they are able to express certain specific genes. If two cells express the same genes, their function would be the same and they would not be different from each other.
Option (A) is given as “express different genes”.
As “the muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they express different genes”, it is the right answer.
Hence, option (A) is correct.
Reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (B) is given as “contain different genes”.
All the cells in an individual contain same genes and same DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). However, the difference arises due to the expression of genes. Muscle cells and nerve cells would also contain the same genes, but their gene expression would be different. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option (C) is given as “use different genetic codes”.
Genetic code is a process, by which the genetic information is translated into proteins. The genetic code is mostly similar among cells or organisms. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option (D) is given as “have unique ribosomes”.
Ribosomes are the same in every cell. All eukaryotic cells have 80s (s denotes a Svedberg’s unit) type ribosomes. Muscle and nerve cells would have the same 80s type ribosomes. So, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.
The basic difference between any two specialized cells is their gene expression. Although, all the cells in an individual contain the same genes, but their expression makes them specialized.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Anatomy & Physiology
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
- Which of the following best describes an observation/experiment from a model organism that has advanced our understanding of cell biology? Select one: a. Radiation caused the denaturation of actin proteins in yeast. b. The risk of cancer increases as humans age. c. COVID is pathogenic due to the shape of specific of interacting proteins d. Fruit flies have wings that help them fly. e. Hemoglobin is found in mice as well as rats and pigeons.arrow_forwardThe smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a. involved in protein synthesis. b. a site of protein glycosylation. c. used to store a variety of ions. d. the site of lipid and membrane synthesis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statament is NOT TRUE about gene expression?a. The expression of genes that code for proteins includes two stages: replication and translationb. Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA.c. During gene expression, the information encoded in genes is used to make specific polypeptide chains or RNA molecules.d. Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteinsarrow_forward
- :The site of protein synthesis is A. At ribosomes . B. Always at a Golgi body. C. At the nuclear membrane . D. Near microfilaments .arrow_forwardChronic liver disease is common among HIV-infected patients, and is increasingly a cause of mortality and morbidity. The disease is usually a result of the destruction and altering of specific liver cell membrane proteins, which damages and kills liver cells. How does HIV influence this activity? A. Protein synthesis is altered in HIV patients due to the insertion of viral RNA. B. Liver disease is a side-effect of several HIV medications. C. HIV halts DNA transcription and inhibits protein synthesis. D. Liver disease is caused by the attack of the HIV virus on the organ itselfarrow_forwardThe role of p53 in normal cells is toa. create cancer-blocking mutations.b. trigger unrestrained cell division.c. detect damaged DNA.d. splice exons together in the correct sequence.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about a cystolic protein that was incorrectly sent to the Golgi Apparatus. Select one: a. there was an error in translation b. there was an error in ubiquitination of the protein c. there was an error in cell division d. there was an error in protein sorting e. there was an error in protein foldingarrow_forwardWhy are proteins important for cells? A - They are the main source for energy inside cells. B - They control all cell structure and function. C - They only break down materials in the lysosome. D - They only create new ribosomes.arrow_forwardSelect the correct pairing of a structure and the process it is associated with. A. Schwann cells……..muscle contraction B. ATP synthase…..electron transport chain C. H+ pump……facilitated diffusion D. Mitochondria…..protein synthesisarrow_forward
- Some genetic diseases cause deficient activity of lysosomes. What would be the direct consequence of these diseases? a.Fewer macromolecules within the cytosol. b.Less degradation of old organelles. c.Increased hydrolysis of macromolecules. d.Reduce rate of endocytosis.arrow_forwardWhat might best explain why the incidence of cancer increases as people age? Select one: a. mutations accumulate as people age b. cell division increases as people age c. protein synthesis increases as people age d. telomerase activity increases as people age e. ATP production increases as people agearrow_forwardWhich of the following proteins would you expect to be translated by a ribosome associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. A potassium channel that localizes to the plasma membrane B. Pyruvate kinase (a protein involved in glycolysis) C. A component of RNA polymerase II (a.k.a. RNA Polymerase 2) D. A component of DNA polymerasearrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education