Interpretation:
The reason for the difference in gross value and the net value of ATP formation in glycolysis needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction :
Glycolysis, also termed as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway is an oxidative pathway in which one mole of glucose is converted into two moles of pyruvate. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cells. It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms and does not include molecular oxygen.
Explanation of Solution
Glycolysis is divided into two phases, the preparatory phase, and the payoff phase. During the preparatory phase, energy is consumed, but during the payoff phase, energy is produced by the process. The gross energy value is the total amount of energy produced by the glycolysis process. In the payoff phase, four molecules of ATP are produced in the form of energy. The net energy value is the amount of energy actually produced by the glycolysis process. This value takes into account the total energy consumed by the glycolysis process. So, two molecules of ATP are used in the pathway and four ATP molecules are produced, then net ATP production is of two molecules. Due to this, gross and net value for ATP is different in glycolysis.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 16 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY
- a) What are the differences between the Direct & Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? (0.5 mark) b) What are the advantages of the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? (0.5 mark) c) A Super-Resolution Imaging Technique was developed in 2018 using imidazole, a His-tag ligand conjugated with a fluorophore to report the presence of a recombinant His-tag protein target, (Sci Rep, 2018, 8:5507). How does this technique improve the image quality? (2 marks)arrow_forwarda) What are the differences between the Direct & Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? b) What are the advantages of the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? c) A Super-Resolution Imaging Technique was developed in 2018 using imidazole, a His-tag ligand conjugated with a fluorophore to report the presence of a recombinant His-tag protein target, (Sci Rep, 2018, 8:5507). How does this technique improve the image quality?arrow_forwardCalculate the number of ATP produced from oxidation of 1 molecule of glucosearrow_forward
- Example 1: 1. Suppose an enzyme (MW = 5,000 g/mole) has a concentration of 0.05 mg/L. If the kcat is 1 x 10 s, what is the theoretical maximum reaction velocity for the enzyme? A) 1050 µM/s. B) 100 µM/s. C) 150 μM/s. D) 105 μM/s.arrow_forwardIn 1956, E. P. Kennedy and S. B. Weiss published their study of membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) synthesis in rat liver. Their hypothesis was that phosphocholine joined with some cellular component to yield lecithin. In an earlier experiment, incubating 32 P-labeled phosphocholine at physiological temperature (37 °C) with broken cells from rat liver yielded labeled lecithin. This became their assay for the enzymes involved in lecithin synthesis. Determine the optimal pH for this enzyme and characterize the enzyme activity at different pH values. -O-P-O-CH2-CH₁₂-N(CH3)3 Phosphocholine H₂C-O-C-R HC-O-C-R2 + + + Cell fraction + ? HC-O-P-O-CH₁₂-CH₂-N(CH), O Phosphatidylcholine The researchers then centrifuged the broken cell preparation to separate the membranes from the soluble proteins. They tested three preparations: whole extract, membranes, and soluble proteins. Table 1 summarizes the results. Table 1: Cell fraction requirement for incorporation of 32p-phosphocholine into…arrow_forwardResearchers isolated an unknown substance, X, from rabbit muscle. They determined its structure from the following observations and experiments. (a) Qualitative analysis showed that X was composed entirely of C, H, and O. A weighed sample of X was completely oxidized and the H2O and CO2 produced were measured. This quantitative analysis revealed that X contained 40.00% C, 6.71% H, and 53.29% O by weight. (b) The molecular mass of X, as determined by mass spectrometry, was 90.00 atomic mass units (u). (c) Infrared spectroscopy showed that X contained one double bond. (d) X dissolved readily in water, and the solution demonstrated optical activity when tested in a polarimeter. (e) The aqueous solution of X is acidic. What is the empirical formula of X?arrow_forward
- Show work. don't give Ai generated solution....give correct solutionarrow_forwardBiochemistry What is the process of "transamination" in either the muscles or the liver, that involves keto acid or glutamic acid? Please explain how the steps work. Thank you!arrow_forwardBiochemistry Please help. Thank you What is the importance of glutamic acid in the metabolism of nitrogen from amino acids? (we know therole; it’s used to remove the nitrogen from amino acids so that the remaining carbon skeleton can bebroken down by the “usual” pathways, but what is the important, unique role that only glutamicacid/glutamate can do?)arrow_forward
- Biochemistry Please help. Thank you When carbamyl phosphate is joined to L-ornathine, where does the energy for the reaction come from?arrow_forwardBiochemistry Question Please help. Thank you What is the function of glutamate dehydrogenase?arrow_forwardBiochemistry Question Please help. Thank you How and why does a high protein diet affect the enzymes of the urea cycle?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax