The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn. Concept introduction: Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.36SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactivity of the type of halogen involved in the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

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-AG|F=2E|V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: Acidic solution -0.93 +0.38 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3 -0.28 -0.50 → -0.50 Basic solution 3-1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH, 0.0 -0.5- 2 3 9 3 -1.5 -2.0 Pa H,PO H,PO H,PO -3 -1 0 2 4 Oxidation state, N 2 b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…

These two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?

What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 3 1 2 2. n-BuLi • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Priva ×

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.36SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactivity of the type of halogen involved in the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.36SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactivity of the type of halogen involved in the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.36SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactivity of the type of halogen involved in the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.36SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactivity of the type of halogen involved in the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.36SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.36SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactivity of the type of halogen involved in the reaction.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactivity of the type of halogen involved in the reaction.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.1P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2P Ch. 16.2 - a. Draw the resonance forms of benzene,...Ch. 16.2 - Show the product of the Diels-Alder dimerization...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16.5P Ch. 16.6 - Make a model of cyclooctatetraene in the tub...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 16.7P Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 16.8P Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 16.9P Ch. 16.8A - a. Draw the molecular orbitals for the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure.

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Chapter 16 Solutions