(a) Interpretation: In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified. Concept introduction: In 1 H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 16, Problem 16.2YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

After rotation of benzene molecule in a way that the exchange of location of H atom on the molecule remains unchanged is to identified.

Concept introduction:

In a 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. The chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. The chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

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Classify each of the following molecules as aromatic, antiaromatic, or nonaromatic. ZI NH Explanation Check O aromatic O antiaromatic O nonaromatic O aromatic O antiaromatic H O nonaromatic O aromatic O antiaromatic O nonaromatic ×

Part I. Draw the stepwise reaction mechanism of each product (a, b, c, d, e, f) HO HO OH НОН,С HO OH Sucrose HO CH₂OH H N N HO -H H -OH KMnO4, Heat H OH CH₂OH (d) Phenyl Osatriazole OH НОН,С HO HO + Glacial HOAC HO- HO CH₂OH OH HO Fructose (a) Glucose OH (b) H₂N HN‍ (c) CuSO4-5H2O, ethanol H N N N HO ·H H OH H OH N CH₂OH OH (f) Phenyl Osazone H (e) Carboxy phenyl osatriazole Figure 2.1. Reaction Scheme for the Total Synthesis of Fine Chemicals

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.2YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

After rotation of benzene molecule in a way that the exchange of location of H atom on the molecule remains unchanged is to identified.

Concept introduction:

In a 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. The chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. The chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.2YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

After rotation of benzene molecule in a way that the exchange of location of H atom on the molecule remains unchanged is to identified.

Concept introduction:

In a 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. The chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. The chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.2YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

After rotation of benzene molecule in a way that the exchange of location of H atom on the molecule remains unchanged is to identified.

Concept introduction:

In a 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. The chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. The chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.2YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

After rotation of benzene molecule in a way that the exchange of location of H atom on the molecule remains unchanged is to identified.

Concept introduction:

In a 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. The chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. The chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.2YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.2YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In benzene, all six H atoms are chemically equivalent. A plane of symmetry through which H atom is the mirror image of another is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. Chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. Chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

After rotation of benzene molecule in a way that the exchange of location of H atom on the molecule remains unchanged is to identified.

Concept introduction:

In a 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. The chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. The chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

After rotation of benzene molecule in a way that the exchange of location of H atom on the molecule remains unchanged is to identified.

Concept introduction:

In a 1H NMR the number of signals is equal to the number of types of protons in the molecule. The chemically equivalent protons absorb at the same magnetic field and produce one signal, whereas the chemically nonequivalent or distinct protons absorb at different magnetic field and produce different signals. The chemically equivalent protons that can be distinguished by the atom must be the mirror image with respect to the plane of symmetry and the rotation of the entire molecule causes the atom to exchange its position but the identity of the molecule remains the same.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.1P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.2P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.3P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.4P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.5P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.6P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.7P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.8P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.9P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that all six H atoms in benzene are chemically equivalent. The plane of symmetry of the molecule is the mirror image of another.

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