Concept explainers
Videos
What does it mean wheti we say that the two DNA strands in the double helix are antiparallel? What would an end of the double helix look like if the strands were parallel?
To explain: The meaning of the statement “the two strands in the double helix DNA are antiparallel”.
Introduction: DNA is a double-stranded molecule that consists of two strands of nucleotides. The bases in one strand are complementary to the bases on the other strand. During DNA replication, the two strands of parent DNA molecule separate. The parent strands act as templates along which the DNA polymerases add up the complementary base pairs in the context of base-pairing rules.
Explanation of Solution
A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule consists of two polynucleotide chains that associate as a double helix structure. The polarity in the DNA chain is referred to as 5ʹ end and the other as 3ʹ end. One end of DNA consists of a phosphate attached to a 5ʹ deoxyribose carbon (5ʹ end), and the other end has a hydroxyl group that is attached to a 3ʹ deoxyribose carbon (3ʹ end). The nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds through 5ʹ-P of one sugar and 3ʹ-OH group of the next sugar. In a double-stranded DNA, one strand is “complemented” by the other strand. If one DNA strand runs in the 5ʹ→3ʹ direction, its complementary strand would run in the 3ʹ→5ʹ direction. Thus, the two strands are antiparallel to each other.
To determine: The ends of a double helix DNA if the two DNA strands in the double helix were parallel.
Introduction: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid carries hereditary information from one generation to another. DNA replication is a process that takes place in every biological cell. It involves the coping and producing of two identical copies of a cell from their parent DNA molecule.
Explanation of Solution
If two DNA strands run in parallel directions, they would run in the same direction, that is, they would both run in the 5′→3′ direction. In such a condition, in the same side, an end of the DNA molecule would have two 5′ ends and two 3′ ends.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology Plus Masteringbiology
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
- What did the Cre-lox system used in the Kikuchi et al. 2010 heart regeneration experiment allow researchers to investigate? What was the purpose of the cmlc2 promoter? What is CreER and why was it used in this experiment? If constitutively active Cre was driven by the cmlc2 promoter, rather than an inducible CreER system, what color would you expect new cardiomyocytes in the regenerated area to be no matter what? Why?arrow_forwardWhat kind of organ size regulation is occurring when you graft multiple organs into a mouse and the graft weight stays the same?arrow_forwardWhat is the concept "calories consumed must equal calories burned" in regrads to nutrition?arrow_forward
- You intend to insert patched dominant negative DNA into the left half of the neural tube of a chick. 1) Which side of the neural tube would you put the positive electrode to ensure that the DNA ends up on the left side? 2) What would be the internal (within the embryo) control for this experiment? 3) How can you be sure that the electroporation method itself is not impacting the embryo? 4) What would you do to ensure that the electroporation is working? How can you tell?arrow_forwardDescribe a method to document the diffusion path and gradient of Sonic Hedgehog through the chicken embryo. If modifying the protein, what is one thing you have to consider in regards to maintaining the protein’s function?arrow_forwardThe following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.arrow_forward
- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. You are a chef in a fancy new science-themed restaurant. You have a recipe that calls for 1 teaspoon of resinferatoxin, but you feel uncomfortable serving foods with "toxins" in them. How much capsaicin could you substitute instead?arrow_forwardWhat protein is necessary for packaging acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles?arrow_forward1. Match each vocabulary term to its best descriptor A. affinity B. efficacy C. inert D. mimic E. how drugs move through body F. how drugs bind Kd Bmax Agonist Antagonist Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamicsarrow_forward
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax