Chapter 16, Problem 16.117AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes decrease in the $\text{pH}$ by the given amount. The chemical equilibria describing the given change, the relation between the initial and the final $\text{pH}$ and the effect of decrease in $\text{pH}$ on the survival of oyster is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Increase in the amount of the reactant causes the equilibrium to shift to the right.

The $\text{pH}$ id calculated as,

$\text{pH}=-\log \left[{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}^{+}\right]$

To determine: The chemical equilibria describing the decrease in the $\text{pH}$ of the ocean with the increase in the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relation between the initial and the final concentration of hydronium ion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The effect of the decrease in the $\text{pH}$ of the ocean on the survival of oyster.