The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped Introduction : Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration . Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions. Given: 0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 16, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped

Introduction:

Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions.

Given:

0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason of intermediate accumulation.

Introduction:

Succinate dehydrogenase -plays a major role in cellular respiration that monitors oxygen level which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In pseudo-hypoxia conditions (low oxygen level), succinate dehydrogenate generates signals and send them to brain. It is given that 0.01 M sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then the respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason why the oxygen consumption stops.

Introduction:

All the metabolic reactions occur within the body which is interconnected through the intermediate products or final products. Inhibition of any of the intermediates or even the enzymatic activity can stop the cycle. Hence, further coming events will also stop.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The method to overcome the inhibition of respiration in isolated mitochondria.

Introduction:

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Due to malonate activity, respiration stops eventually. To overcome the effect of the inhibition, it is sufficient to provide large amount of substrates such as succinate.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 16, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped

Introduction:

Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions.

Given:

0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason of intermediate accumulation.

Introduction:

Succinate dehydrogenase -plays a major role in cellular respiration that monitors oxygen level which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In pseudo-hypoxia conditions (low oxygen level), succinate dehydrogenate generates signals and send them to brain. It is given that 0.01 M sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then the respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason why the oxygen consumption stops.

Introduction:

All the metabolic reactions occur within the body which is interconnected through the intermediate products or final products. Inhibition of any of the intermediates or even the enzymatic activity can stop the cycle. Hence, further coming events will also stop.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The method to overcome the inhibition of respiration in isolated mitochondria.

Introduction:

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Due to malonate activity, respiration stops eventually. To overcome the effect of the inhibition, it is sufficient to provide large amount of substrates such as succinate.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 16, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped

Introduction:

Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions.

Given:

0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason of intermediate accumulation.

Introduction:

Succinate dehydrogenase -plays a major role in cellular respiration that monitors oxygen level which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In pseudo-hypoxia conditions (low oxygen level), succinate dehydrogenate generates signals and send them to brain. It is given that 0.01 M sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then the respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason why the oxygen consumption stops.

Introduction:

All the metabolic reactions occur within the body which is interconnected through the intermediate products or final products. Inhibition of any of the intermediates or even the enzymatic activity can stop the cycle. Hence, further coming events will also stop.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The method to overcome the inhibition of respiration in isolated mitochondria.

Introduction:

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Due to malonate activity, respiration stops eventually. To overcome the effect of the inhibition, it is sufficient to provide large amount of substrates such as succinate.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 16, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped

Introduction:

Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions.

Given:

0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason of intermediate accumulation.

Introduction:

Succinate dehydrogenase -plays a major role in cellular respiration that monitors oxygen level which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In pseudo-hypoxia conditions (low oxygen level), succinate dehydrogenate generates signals and send them to brain. It is given that 0.01 M sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then the respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason why the oxygen consumption stops.

Introduction:

All the metabolic reactions occur within the body which is interconnected through the intermediate products or final products. Inhibition of any of the intermediates or even the enzymatic activity can stop the cycle. Hence, further coming events will also stop.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The method to overcome the inhibition of respiration in isolated mitochondria.

Introduction:

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Due to malonate activity, respiration stops eventually. To overcome the effect of the inhibition, it is sufficient to provide large amount of substrates such as succinate.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped

Introduction:

Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions.

Given:

0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason of intermediate accumulation.

Introduction:

Succinate dehydrogenase -plays a major role in cellular respiration that monitors oxygen level which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In pseudo-hypoxia conditions (low oxygen level), succinate dehydrogenate generates signals and send them to brain. It is given that 0.01 M sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then the respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason why the oxygen consumption stops.

Introduction:

All the metabolic reactions occur within the body which is interconnected through the intermediate products or final products. Inhibition of any of the intermediates or even the enzymatic activity can stop the cycle. Hence, further coming events will also stop.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The method to overcome the inhibition of respiration in isolated mitochondria.

Introduction:

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Due to malonate activity, respiration stops eventually. To overcome the effect of the inhibition, it is sufficient to provide large amount of substrates such as succinate.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped

Introduction:

Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions.

Given:

0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure of intermediate which is accumulated when respiration is stopped

Introduction:

Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. -Mitochondria is isolated by cell disruption and centrifugation to study its various functions.

Given:

0.01 M of sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason of intermediate accumulation.

Introduction:

Succinate dehydrogenase -plays a major role in cellular respiration that monitors oxygen level which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In pseudo-hypoxia conditions (low oxygen level), succinate dehydrogenate generates signals and send them to brain. It is given that 0.01 M sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then the respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason of intermediate accumulation.

Introduction:

Succinate dehydrogenase -plays a major role in cellular respiration that monitors oxygen level which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In pseudo-hypoxia conditions (low oxygen level), succinate dehydrogenate generates signals and send them to brain. It is given that 0.01 M sodium malonate was added to mitochondria. If pyruvate is used as fuel by mitochondria then the respiration process is stopped and the intermediate gets accumulated.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason why the oxygen consumption stops.

Introduction:

All the metabolic reactions occur within the body which is interconnected through the intermediate products or final products. Inhibition of any of the intermediates or even the enzymatic activity can stop the cycle. Hence, further coming events will also stop.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason why the oxygen consumption stops.

Introduction:

All the metabolic reactions occur within the body which is interconnected through the intermediate products or final products. Inhibition of any of the intermediates or even the enzymatic activity can stop the cycle. Hence, further coming events will also stop.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The method to overcome the inhibition of respiration in isolated mitochondria.

Introduction:

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Due to malonate activity, respiration stops eventually. To overcome the effect of the inhibition, it is sufficient to provide large amount of substrates such as succinate.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The method to overcome the inhibition of respiration in isolated mitochondria.

Introduction:

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor that inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Due to malonate activity, respiration stops eventually. To overcome the effect of the inhibition, it is sufficient to provide large amount of substrates such as succinate.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1P Ch. 16 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16 - Prob. 3P Ch. 16 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16 - Prob. 6P Ch. 16 - Prob. 7P Ch. 16 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16 - Prob. 10P

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