The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

Answer 12

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

Answer 13

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

Answer 14

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

Answer 15

E.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

Answer 16

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

Answer 17

F.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

Answer 18

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

Answer 19

G.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

Answer 20

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Answer 21

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Answer 22

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Answer 23

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 16 - Prob. 10Q

The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

Videos

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 16 Solutions

The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

Videos

To explain: The extracellular signal molecule acetylcholine has different effects on different cell types in an animal and often binds to different cell-surface receptor molecules on different cell types.

To explain: After acetylcholine is secreted from cells, it is long-lived, because it has to reach target cells all over the body.

To explain: How both the GTP-bound α subunits and nucleotide-free βγ complexes-but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins can activate other molecules downstream of GPCRs.

To explain: IP3 is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

To explain: Different signals originating from the plasma membrane can be integrated by cross-talk between different signaling pathways inside the cell.

To explain: Tyrosine phosphorylation serves to build binding sites for other proteins to bind to RTKs.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 16 Solutions

To explain: IP₃ is produced directly by the cleavage of an inositol phospholipid, without the incorporation of an additional phosphate group.

To explain: Calmodulin regulates the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.