Macroeconomics
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337617390
Author: Roger A. Arnold
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 10QP
To determine
The short-run and long-run effects of expansionary fiscal policy.
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In 2006, the U.S. economy experienced an inflationary gap when the economy was booming and the unemployment rate was low. Would you consider a tax increase in that period to be demand-side focused, supply-side focused or both? What would be the impact of this policy on the price level and the real GDP? Explain.
Use the following graph to answer the next question.
Price Level
AS
AD₂
AD₂
ADoi
I
Yo Y₁ Y₂ Y₂
Real GDP
Suppose an economy's full employment output is at the level Y₁, and the economy's current aggregate demand is represented by AD2. If the government swiftly
implements contractionary fiscal policy that immediately shifts the economy's aggregate demand to AD₁, the short to medium term aggregate demand would be
most closely represented by
AD₁
Suppose a government has a tax revenue shortfall. Will hyperinflation inevitably follow unless the government cuts its fiscal expenditures?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Macroeconomics
Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1STCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2STCh. 16.2 - Prob. 3STCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1STCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2STCh. 16.3 - Prob. 3STCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1STCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2STCh. 16 - Prob. 1QPCh. 16 - Prob. 2QP
Ch. 16 - Prob. 3QPCh. 16 - Prob. 4QPCh. 16 - Prob. 5QPCh. 16 - Prob. 6QPCh. 16 - Prob. 7QPCh. 16 - Prob. 8QPCh. 16 - Prob. 9QPCh. 16 - Prob. 10QPCh. 16 - Prob. 11QPCh. 16 - Prob. 12QPCh. 16 - Prob. 13QPCh. 16 - Prob. 14QPCh. 16 - Prob. 15QPCh. 16 - Prob. 1WNGCh. 16 - Prob. 2WNGCh. 16 - Prob. 3WNGCh. 16 - Prob. 4WNGCh. 16 - Prob. 5WNG
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- The graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by changing taxes to reduce the burden of this recession. Fiscal Policy Price Level 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 LRAS $ AS AD₁ 40 0 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 Real GDP (billions of dollars) billion AD Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. If you are entering a negative number include a minus sign. a How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ b. If the MPC is 0.6, how much do taxes need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? billion Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.92 c How much does aggregate demand and taxes need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by S billion and taxes need to change by $[ billion.arrow_forwardConsider an economy that is operating below the full-employment level of real GDP. What would be the effect of an increase in government spending on aggregate demand and real GDP?arrow_forwardThe use of government purchases (G) as a fiscal policy tool can have an effect on long-run growth in the economy. Under what circumstances might an increase in G cause the level of potential output (Y*) to increase? A. If the increase in G causes a permanent increase in the marginal propensity to consume, which causes a permanent rightward shift of the AD curve. B. If the increase in G is offset by an equal decrease in C, I, and NX. C. If the increase in G crowds out private investment. D. If the increase in G leads to a permanent increase in the level of autonomous saving in the economy. E. If the increase in G is spent on public infrastructure that increases the productivity of private-sector production.arrow_forward
- Suppose actual real GDP is $9.06 trillion, potential real GDP is $6.42 trillion, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.59. If we ignore price effects, by how many trillions of dollars should the government change its lump sum taxes to fix the gap? (Round this to two digits after the decimal and enter this value as either a positive value or a negative value without the dollar sign.)arrow_forwardSuppose actual real GDP is $5.49 trillion, potential real GDP is $12.48 trillion, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.76. If we ignore price effects, and if the government already decided to increase its spending by $1.07 trillion, by how many trillions of dollars should the government change its lump sum taxes to fix the gap? (Round this to two digits after the decimal and enter this value as either a positive value or a negative value without the dollar sign.)arrow_forwardIf businesses and consumers become pessimistic, the government can attempt to reduce the impact on the price level and real GDP by A reducing taxes or decreasing government spending increasing taxes or increasing government spending © increasing taxes or decreasing government spending D reducing taxes or increasing government spendingarrow_forward
- Differentiate the macroeconomic effects that explain the causes of the differences of government spending in aggregate demand. Describe your answer.arrow_forwardSome politicians have suggested that the United States enact a constitutional amendment requiring that the federal government balance its budget annually. Such an amendment, if strictly enforced, would force the government to enact a contractionary fiscal policy whenever the economy experienced a severe recession. This is because when the economy enters a recession, ???arrow_forwardDifferentiate the macroeconomic effects that explain the causes of the differences of government spending in aggregate demand.arrow_forward
- Suppose actual real GDP is $13.74 trillion, potential real GDP is $12.69 trillion, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6. If we ignore price effects, and if the government already decided to increase its spending by $1.61 trillion, by how many trillions of dollars should the government change its lump sum taxes to fix the gap? (Round this to two digits after the decimal and enter this value as either a positive value or a negative value without the dollar sign.) Correct Answer: 3.38 Please solve to get that same answerarrow_forwardFiscal policy consists of intentional changes in the government's spending levels or tax policies designed to achieve specific macroeconomic goals such as full employment, price stability, or economic growth. By influencing the amount of total spending in the economy, the government can influence the position of the aggregate demand curve. Our theory tells us that aggregate demand will shift by a multiple of the change in spending or taxes. However, spending and tax changes have slightly different effects, as changes in taxes affect spending only indirectly by changing the amount of disposable income. An expansionary fiscal policy may be implemented to fight a recession, while a contractionary policy may be appropriate to control demand-pull inflation. Exploration: How do changes in government spending and taxes affect the equilibrium price level and real GDP? Discuss in detail use your economics textbook.arrow_forwardAssuming the economy is in long run and the govt implemnents a tax cut of $420 Billion, there is no crowding out, and marginal propensity to consume is 0.9 what's the initial and total effect of the tax reduction on aggregate demand? Is there a formula to calculate this?arrow_forward
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