Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15.5, Problem 1CC
Gene dosage—the number of copies of a gene that are actively being expressed—is important to proper development. Identify and describe two processes that establish the proper dosage of certain genes.
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"In most differentiated tissues, daughter cells retain a memory of gene expression patterns that were present in the parent cell through mechanisms that do not involve changes in the sequence of their genomic DNA" is true or false.
Developmental abnormalities can result from:
1. Under expression of some genes
2. All of these choices are correct
3. Inappropriate interaction among gene products that were expressed in the wrong amounts and wrong time
4. Over expression of some genes
5. corrupted timing of the normal time genes are expressed
Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes?
A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte
B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo
C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryo
Chapter 15 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 15.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the description of...Ch. 15.1 - WHAT IF? Propose a possible reason that the first...Ch. 15.1 - Which one of Mendel's laws describes the...Ch. 15.2 - A white-eyed female Drosophila is mated with a...Ch. 15.2 - Neither Tim nor Rhoda has Duchenne muscular...Ch. 15.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Consider what you learned about...Ch. 15.3 - When two genes are located on the same chromosome,...Ch. 15.3 - VISUAL SKILLS For each type of offspring of the...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.5 - Gene dosagethe number of copies of a gene that are...Ch. 15.5 - Reciprocal crosses between two primrose varieties,...Ch. 15.5 - WHAT IF? Mitochondrial genes are critical to the...Ch. 15 - What characteristic of the sex chromosomes allowed...Ch. 15 - Why are males affected by X-Iinked disorders much...Ch. 15 - Why are specific alleles of two distant genes more...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4CRCh. 15 - Explain how genomic imprinting and inheritance of...Ch. 15 - A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked...Ch. 15 - Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 15 - A planet is inhabited by creatures that reproduce...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 15 - A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body...Ch. 15 - Assume that genes, A and B are on the same...Ch. 15 - Two genes of a flower, one Controlling blue (B)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 15 - Banana plants, which are triploid, are seedless...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 15 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Assume you are mapping...Ch. 15 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION The continuity of...Ch. 15 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Butter flies have an X-Y...
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- Early development depends on the temporal and spatial interplay between maternally supplied material and mRNA and the onset of zygotic gene expression. Maternally encoded mRNAs must be produced, positioned, and degraded [Surdej and Jacobs-Lorena (1998). Mol. Cell Biol. 18:2892–2900]. For example, transcription of the bicoid gene that determines anterior– posterior polarity in Drosophila is maternal. The mRNA is synthesized in the ovary by nurse cells and then transported to the oocyte, where it localizes to the anterior ends of oocytes. After egg deposition, bicoid mRNA is translated and unstable bicoid protein forms a decreasing concentration gradient from the anterior end of the embryo. At the start of gastrulation, bicoid mRNA has been degraded. Consider two models to explain the degradation of bicoid mRNA: (1) degradation may result from signals within the mRNA (intrinsic model), or (2) degradation may result from the mRNA’s position within the egg (extrinsic model).…arrow_forwardExplain how DNA methylation could be used to regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When and where would de novo methylation occur, and when would demethylation occur? What would occur in the cells that give rise to eggs and sperm?arrow_forwardDiscuss the role of homeotic genes in development. Explain what happens to the phenotype of a fruit fly when a gain-of-function mutation in a homeotic gene causes the protein to be expressed in an abnormal region of the embryo. What are the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation in such a gene?arrow_forward
- Explain how epigenetic modifications are involved in developmentalchanges that lead to the formation of specific cell types.arrow_forwardexamine the process of gene expression. Include the following: Explain the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Discuss mechanisms by which gene expression may be altered. How do these alterations induce cancer-causing mutations in cell DNA? Explain how cancer is formed. Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell behavior. Determine whether proteome data can be utilized in genetic disorder diagnosis. Relate the Human Genome Project data to the analysis of cancer genes. Relates the Human Genome Project's utility in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to diagnose and treat cancerarrow_forwardExplain how the same gen can be highly expressed in several distinct tissues (e.g. brain, liver, and lung) of an organism, yet silent in all other tissues. Hint: The answer is not that they share the same tissue-specific transcription factors..arrow_forward
- Carefully distinguish between the terms differentiation and determination. Which phenomenon occurs initially during development?arrow_forwardDiscuss the similarities and differences of phenotypic variations that are caused by epigenetic gene regulation versus variation in gene sequences (epigenetics versus genetics).arrow_forwardBriefly explain how gene expression occurs at the molecular level.arrow_forward
- Give at least 3 examples each of internal and external factors that affect penetrance and expressivity. Explain briefly how each factor affects gene expression.arrow_forwardHow might a point mutation in DNA affect the phenotype. How the genome is expressed in the organism? (Please explain this at the molecular level).arrow_forwardProgesterone is a steroid hormone (also described as a ligand) that prepares the body for pregnancy. It binds to the progesterone receptor (PR) protein in the cytoplasm of various cells. Ligand bound PR acts as a transcriptional activator, binds to the DNA in the promoter region of several genes and leads to transcriptional activation of these genes. Which of the following statements must be true for the PR protein? O Ligand binding to the PR results in a conformational change in the primary structure of the protein The domain/region of the PR protein that interacts with the DNA, has basic amino acids Ligand binding to the PR results in a conformational change in the tertiary structure of the protein The domain/region of the PR protein that interacts with the DNA, has acidic amino acidsarrow_forward
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