(a) Interpretation : The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15. Introduction: Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Question

Fura-2 Fluorescence (Arbitrary Unit) 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 [Ca2+]=2970nM, 25°C [Ca2+] 2970nM, 4°C [Ca2+]=0.9nM, 25°C [Ca2+] = 0.9nM, 4°C 0 260 280 300 340 360 380 400 420 440 Wavelength (nm) ← < The figure on the LHS shows the excitation spectra of Fura-2 (Em = 510 nm) in 2 solutions with two different Ca2+ ion concentration as indicated. Except for temperature, the setting for excitation & signal acquisition was identical.< ப a) The unit in Y-axis is arbitrary (unspecified). Why? < < b) Compare & contrast the excitation wavelength of the Isosbestic Point of Fura-2 at 25 °C & 4 °C. Give a possible reason for the discrepancy. < c) The fluorescence intensity at 25 °C & 4 °C are different. Explain why with the concept of electronic configuration. <

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when AMP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when ATP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

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Fura-2 Fluorescence (Arbitrary Unit) 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 [Ca2+]=2970nM, 25°C [Ca2+] 2970nM, 4°C [Ca2+]=0.9nM, 25°C [Ca2+] = 0.9nM, 4°C 0 260 280 300 340 360 380 400 420 440 Wavelength (nm) ← < The figure on the LHS shows the excitation spectra of Fura-2 (Em = 510 nm) in 2 solutions with two different Ca2+ ion concentration as indicated. Except for temperature, the setting for excitation & signal acquisition was identical.< ப a) The unit in Y-axis is arbitrary (unspecified). Why? < < b) Compare & contrast the excitation wavelength of the Isosbestic Point of Fura-2 at 25 °C & 4 °C. Give a possible reason for the discrepancy. < c) The fluorescence intensity at 25 °C & 4 °C are different. Explain why with the concept of electronic configuration. <

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when AMP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when ATP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when AMP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when ATP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when AMP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when ATP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when AMP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when ATP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when AMP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when AMP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when ATP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation :

The relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when ATP is present should be estimated from the figure 15.15.

Introduction:

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glucogenolysis. It converts glycogen in animals into glucose-1-phosphate. ATP and glucose-6-phosphate act as allosteric inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase because they reduce the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase for its substrate, inorganic phosphate. ATP is the end product of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. And glucose-1-phosphate released is readily converted into glucose-6-phosphate and participate in ATP production pathways. AMP acts as an allosteric activator for glycogen phosphorylase.

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Ch. 15 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 15 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 15 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 15 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5P Ch. 15 - Prob. 6P Ch. 15 - Prob. 7P Ch. 15 - Prob. 8P Ch. 15 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 15 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the relative glycogen phosphorylase activity when neither AMP nor ATP is present should be estimated from figure 15.15.

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