Anatomy & Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259398629
Author: McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher: Mcgraw Hill Education,
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Chapter 15, Problem 7DYB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
ANS (autonomic nervous system) possess two divisions; parasympathetic and sympathetic. By specific axon bundles known as the autonomic plexus, both the divisions of ANS innervate the organs.
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 15 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 15.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
1. List the similarities and...Ch. 15.1 - What criterion is used to organize the nervous...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.1 - Prob. 2WDLCh. 15.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 15.1 - What CNS structure is the integration and command...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 4WDLCh. 15.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 15.2 - Describe the general anatomic differences in the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 7LOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 6WDLCh. 15.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1WDTCh. 15.3 - Which four cranial nerves have a parasympathetic...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 15.3 - What organs are innervated by the pelvic...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 10LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 11LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 13LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 9WDLCh. 15.4 - Prob. 10WDLCh. 15.4 - Prob. 14LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 2WDTCh. 15.4 - Prob. 11WDLCh. 15.4 - In what ways does the adrenal medulla pathway help...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 16LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 17LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 13WDLCh. 15.5 - Prob. 14WDLCh. 15.6 - Prob. 18LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15WDLCh. 15.6 - Prob. 19LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 3WDTCh. 15.6 - Prob. 16WDLCh. 15.6 - Prob. 17WDLCh. 15.6 - Prob. 20LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 21LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 18WDLCh. 15.6 - Prob. 19WDLCh. 15.7 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
22. Discuss the nature of...Ch. 15.7 - Prob. 20WDLCh. 15.7 - Prob. 23LOCh. 15.7 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
24. Describe the antagonistic...Ch. 15.7 - Prob. 21WDLCh. 15.7 - Prob. 22WDLCh. 15.7 - Prob. 25LOCh. 15.7 - What are the body structures innervated by the...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 26LOCh. 15.8 - 27. Describe some major examples of autonomic...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 24WDLCh. 15 - A splanchnic nerve in the sympathetic division of...Ch. 15 - Some parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 4DYBCh. 15 - Sympathetic division preganglionic axons travel to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 7DYBCh. 15 - A sympathetic postganglionic axon is a. long and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 10DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 11DYBCh. 15 - For the following ganglia, identify the location...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 14DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 15DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 16DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 17DYBCh. 15 - What may occur with the mass activation of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 20DYBCh. 15 - Prob. 1CALCh. 15 - Arlene was in a heightened state of alertness well...Ch. 15 - George has hypertension (high blood pressure). His...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4CALCh. 15 - Prob. 5CALCh. 15 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 15 - When you were younger, your parents may have told...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3CSL
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