A large electrical power station generates 1000 MW of electricity with an efficiency of 35.0%. (a) Calculate the heat transfer to the power station, Q h , in one day. (b) How much heat transfer Q c occurs to the environment in one day? (c) If the heat transfer in the cooling towers is from 35 .0 ° C water into the local air mass, which increases in temperature from 18 .0 ° C to 2 0.0 ° C , what is the total increase in entropy due to this heat transfer? (d) How much energy becomes unavailable to do work because of this increase in entropy, assuming an 18 .0 ° C lowest temperature? (Part of Q c could be utilized to operate heat engines or far simply heating the surroundings, but it rarely is.)
A large electrical power station generates 1000 MW of electricity with an efficiency of 35.0%. (a) Calculate the heat transfer to the power station, Q h , in one day. (b) How much heat transfer Q c occurs to the environment in one day? (c) If the heat transfer in the cooling towers is from 35 .0 ° C water into the local air mass, which increases in temperature from 18 .0 ° C to 2 0.0 ° C , what is the total increase in entropy due to this heat transfer? (d) How much energy becomes unavailable to do work because of this increase in entropy, assuming an 18 .0 ° C lowest temperature? (Part of Q c could be utilized to operate heat engines or far simply heating the surroundings, but it rarely is.)
A large electrical power station generates 1000 MW of electricity with an efficiency of 35.0%. (a) Calculate the heat transfer to the power station, Qh, in one day. (b) How much heat transfer Qc occurs to the environment in one day? (c) If the heat transfer in the cooling towers is from
35
.0
°
C
water into the local air mass, which increases in temperature from
18
.0
°
C
to
2
0.0
°
C
, what is the total increase in entropy due to this heat transfer? (d) How much energy becomes unavailable to do work because of this increase in entropy, assuming an
18
.0
°
C
lowest temperature? (Part of Qccould be utilized to operate heat engines or far simply heating the surroundings, but it rarely is.)
How can you tell which vowel is being produced here ( “ee,” “ah,” or “oo”)? Also, how would you be able to tell for the other vowels?
You want to fabricate a soft microfluidic chip like the one below. How would you go about
fabricating this chip knowing that you are targeting a channel with a square cross-sectional
profile of 200 μm by 200 μm. What materials and steps would you use and why? Disregard the
process to form the inlet and outlet.
Square Cross Section
1. What are the key steps involved in the fabrication of a semiconductor device.
2. You are hired by a chip manufacturing company, and you are asked to prepare a silicon wafer
with the pattern below. Describe the process you would use.
High Aspect
Ratio
Trenches
Undoped Si Wafer
P-doped Si
3. You would like to deposit material within a high aspect ratio trench. What approach would you
use and why?
4. A person is setting up a small clean room space to carry out an outreach activity to educate high
school students about patterning using photolithography. They obtained a positive photoresist, a
used spin coater, a high energy light lamp for exposure and ordered a plastic transparency mask
with a pattern on it to reduce cost. Upon trying this set up multiple times they find that the full
resist gets developed, and they are unable to transfer the pattern onto the resist. Help them
troubleshoot and find out why pattern of transfer has not been successful.
5. You are given a composite…
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Flow, Entropy, and Microstates; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrwW4w2nAMc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY