INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY-W/SEL.SOLN.MAN.
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134845609
Author: Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 4E
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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk
before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic
acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and
develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing
mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M.
Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether
it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To
achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth,
the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0.
Assumptions:
Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid
H
H
:0:0:
H-C-C
H
:0:
O-H
Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid
For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid
You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water.
Temperature is 25°C
1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to
include state symbols.…
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product
structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
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H.
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Select to Edit Arrows
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Select to Edit Arrows
H
:0:
H
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Rotation
Select to Edit Arrows
H.
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:0:
:0:
:0:
S:
3:48 PM Fri Apr 4
K
Problem 4 of 10
Submit
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product
structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
Mg.
:0:
Select to Add Arrows
:0:
:Br:
Mg
:0:
:0:
Select to Add Arrows
Mg.
Br:
:0:
0:0-
Br
-190
H
0:0
Select to Add Arrows
Select to Add Arrows
neutralizing workup
H
CH3
Chapter 15 Solutions
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY-W/SEL.SOLN.MAN.
Ch. 15 - Q1. Which change is likely to increase the rate of...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constants at a fixed temperature...Ch. 15 - Q3. The concentrations of A,B, and C for the...Ch. 15 - Q4. What is the correct expression for the...Ch. 15 - Q5. Consider the reaction between NO and to form...Ch. 15 - Q6. The equilibrium constant for this reaction is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 15 - Q8. The decomposition of is endothermic.
Which...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 15 - Prob. 1ECh. 15 - Prob. 2ECh. 15 - 3. Why do chemists seek to control reaction...Ch. 15 - How do most chemical reactions occur?Ch. 15 - What factors influence reaction rates? How?Ch. 15 - Prob. 6ECh. 15 - 7. What is dynamic chemical equilibrium?
Ch. 15 - Prob. 8ECh. 15 - Explain why the concentrations of reactants and...Ch. 15 - Devise your own analogylike the Narnia and Middle...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11ECh. 15 - Write the expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 15 - What does a small equilibrium constant tell you...Ch. 15 - Prob. 14ECh. 15 - Prob. 15ECh. 15 - Prob. 16ECh. 15 - Prob. 17ECh. 15 - Prob. 18ECh. 15 - What is the effect of decreasing the concentration...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20ECh. 15 - Prob. 21ECh. 15 - What is the effect of increasing the pressure of a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 23ECh. 15 - Prob. 24ECh. 15 - 25. What is the effect of decreasing the pressure...Ch. 15 - 26. What is the effect of increasing the...Ch. 15 - 27. What is the effect of increasing the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28ECh. 15 - Prob. 29ECh. 15 - Prob. 30ECh. 15 - Prob. 31ECh. 15 - Prob. 32ECh. 15 - Prob. 33ECh. 15 - Prob. 34ECh. 15 - Does a catalyst affect the value of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 36ECh. 15 - Prob. 37ECh. 15 - Prob. 38ECh. 15 - The body temperature of cold-blooded animals...Ch. 15 - The rate of a particular reaction doubles when the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41ECh. 15 - Prob. 42ECh. 15 - Write an equilibrium expression for each chemical...Ch. 15 - Prob. 44ECh. 15 - Write an equilibrium expression for each chemical...Ch. 15 - Write an equilibrium expression for each chemical...Ch. 15 - Prob. 47ECh. 15 - Prob. 48ECh. 15 - 49. For each equilibrium constant, indicate if you...Ch. 15 - Prob. 50ECh. 15 - Prob. 51ECh. 15 - 52. Consider the reaction.
An equilibrium mixture...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction. 2H2S(g)2H2(g)+S2(g) An...Ch. 15 - Prob. 54ECh. 15 - Prob. 55ECh. 15 - Consider the reaction. CaCO3(s)CaCO(s)+CO2(g) An...Ch. 15 - Prob. 57ECh. 15 - Prob. 58ECh. 15 - Prob. 59ECh. 15 - Prob. 60ECh. 15 - Prob. 61ECh. 15 - Prob. 62ECh. 15 - Consider this reaction at equilibrium....Ch. 15 - Prob. 64ECh. 15 - Consider this reaction at equilibrium....Ch. 15 - Prob. 66ECh. 15 - Consider the effect of a volume change on this...Ch. 15 - Prob. 68ECh. 15 - Prob. 69ECh. 15 - Prob. 70ECh. 15 - Prob. 71ECh. 15 - Prob. 72ECh. 15 - Prob. 73ECh. 15 - Prob. 74ECh. 15 - Coal, which is primarily carbon, can be converted...Ch. 15 - 76. Coal can be used to generate hydrogen gas (a...Ch. 15 - 77. For each compound, write an equation showing...Ch. 15 - Prob. 78ECh. 15 - Prob. 79ECh. 15 - Prob. 80ECh. 15 - A saturated solution of MgF2 has [Mg2+]=2.6104M...Ch. 15 - Prob. 82ECh. 15 - Prob. 83ECh. 15 - Prob. 84ECh. 15 - Prob. 85ECh. 15 - Prob. 86ECh. 15 - Prob. 87ECh. 15 - 88. Calculate the molar solubility of .
Ch. 15 - Prob. 89ECh. 15 - Prob. 90ECh. 15 - 91. Consider the reaction.
A solution is made...Ch. 15 - Prob. 92ECh. 15 - Prob. 93ECh. 15 - Prob. 94ECh. 15 - This reaction is exothermic....Ch. 15 - Prob. 96ECh. 15 - 97. Calculate the molar solubility of CuS. How...Ch. 15 - Calculate the molar solubility of FeCO3. How many...Ch. 15 - Prob. 99ECh. 15 - Prob. 100ECh. 15 - Prob. 101ECh. 15 - Prob. 102ECh. 15 - Consider the reaction: CaCO3CaO(s)+CO2(g) A sample...Ch. 15 - Prob. 104ECh. 15 - A 2.55-L solution is 0.115 M in Mg2+. If K2CO3 is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 106ECh. 15 - Prob. 107ECh. 15 - Prob. 108ECh. 15 - One of the main components of hard water is CaCO3....Ch. 15 - Prob. 110ECh. 15 - The reaction A(g)+B(g)2C(g) has an equilibrium...Ch. 15 - Describe three ways a reaction at equilibrium can...Ch. 15 - Solid CaCO3 decomposes into solid CaO and gaseous...
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- Iarrow_forwardDraw the Markovnikov product of the hydrobromination of this alkene. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for this problem. + Explanation Check 1 X E 4 1 1 1 1 1 HBr Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 LE #3 @ 2 $4 0 I அ2 % 85 F * K M ? BH 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center & 6 27 FG F10 8 9 R T Y U D F G H P J K L Z X C V B N M Q W A S H option command H command optiarrow_forwardBe sure to use wedge and dash bonds to show the stereochemistry of the products when it's important, for example to distinguish between two different major products. Predict the major products of the following reaction. Explanation Q F1 A Check F2 @ 2 # 3 + X 80 F3 W E S D $ 4 I O H. H₂ 2 R Pt % 05 LL ee F6 F5 T <6 G Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 27 & A 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center Acce Y U H DII 8 9 F10 4 J K L Z X C V B N M T H option command F11 P H commandarrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the intermediate and product in this reaction or mechanistic step(s). Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H :0: CH3 O: OH Q CH3OH2+ Draw Intermediate protonation CH3OH CH3OH nucleophilic addition H Draw Intermediate deprotonation :0: H3C CH3OH2* protonation H 0: H CH3 H.arrow_forwardPredicting the reactants or products of hemiacetal and acetal formation uentify the missing organic reactants in the following reaction: H+ X+Y OH H+ за Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H2O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactants X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ? olo 18 Ar © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardcan someone please answer thisarrow_forward
- Please, please help me figure out the the moles, molarity and Ksp column. Step by step details because I've came up with about three different number and have no idea what I'm doing wrong.arrow_forwardwhat reagents are used to get this product from this reactant? Br OCH3arrow_forwardcan someone answer this pleasearrow_forward
- can someone do the reaction mechanism for this reaction and draw the molecules for Q2 and q3arrow_forwardIn this question, the product of the aldol condensation is shown. What would be the reactants for this product? Please provide a detailed explanation, as well as a drawing showing how the reactants will react to produce the product.arrow_forward7. Propene undergoes a hydration reaction with water in the presence of an acid. a. There are two possible products for this reaction, both with the formula C,H,O. Show their structural formulas and names. (A1, B2) SCH4UR Name: (answer for part a. here!) VER 3 2021-2022 b. Which of the two products do you predict will form. Explain your choice using details from your learning. (B3)arrow_forward
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