The accounting and auditing literature discusses several different types of accounting changes. For each of the changes listed below (a. through c.), indicate whether the auditor should add a paragraph to the audit report, assuming that the change had a material effect on the financial statements and was properly justified, accounted for, and disclosed. Assume that the organization is a U.S. non-public company.
a. Change from one GAAP to another GAAP
b. Change in accounting estimate not affected by a change in accounting principle
c. Change in accounting estimate affected by a change in accounting principle
d. Correction of an error
c. Change from non-GAAP to GAAP (a special case of correction of an error)
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Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit
- Changes in accounting policy are Permitted if the change will result in a more reliable and more relevant presentation of the financial statements. Permitted if the entity encounters new transactions, events or conditions that are substantively different from existing or previous transactions. Required for all material transactions. Required if an alternate accounting policy gives rise to a material change in assets, liabilities or the current year net income.arrow_forwardHow is the auditors’ responsibility for expressing the opinion on financial statements disclosed in the standard (unmodified) report for a nonpublic company?a. Stated explicitly in the Auditor’s Responsibility section.b. Unstated but understood in the Auditor’s Responsibility section.c. Stated explicitly in the opinion paragraph.d. Stated explicitly in the introductory paragraph.arrow_forwardThe client has restated the prior-year statements because of a changefrom LIFO to FIFO. How should this be reflected in the auditor’s report?arrow_forward
- Choose the incorrect statement below:A. An entity shall select and apply different accounting policies each period in order to achieve comparability of financial statements.B. A change in reporting entity is actually a change in accounting policy and therefore shall be treated retrospectively to disclose what the statements would have looked like if the current entity had been in existence in the prior year.C. Prior period errors are retrospectively corrected by adjusting the beginning balance of retained earnings and affected assets and liabilities.D. Changes in accounting estimates are to be handled currently and prospectively, if necessary.arrow_forwardType I Subsequent Events in auditing are : A. Are those events that provide new information about conditions existing at balance sheet date requiring adjustments in the financial statements. B. Involve events occurring after balance sheet date but not requiring to be disclosed in financial statements C. Provide new information about conditions occuring after the balance sheet date and requiring adjustments in financial statements. D. Involve events occurring after balance sheet date and require to be disclosed in financial statementsarrow_forwardQUESTION 1 In an unqualified audit report on the financial statements of a public company, what does the first statement of the opinion paragraph state? A. An audit was conducted, which financial statements were audited, and the dates of the financial statements. B. PCAOB audit standards were followed since it is a public company. C. The audit firm believes that its audit provides a reasonable basis for its opinion. D. Management is responsible for the fair presentation of the financial statements.arrow_forward
- S1: lf an auditor's report on the prior period included a modified opinion and the matter which gave rise to the modification is unresolved, the auditor's opinion on the prior period's financial statements should be modified. S2: The auditor's opinion on comparative financial statements should refer to each period for which financial statements are presented and on which an audit opinion is expressed. S3: Reference to the work of an auditor's expert in an auditor's report containing an unmodified opinion unless required by law or regulation to do so. O S1 and S2 are true O S2 and S3 are true O All statements are true O All statements are falsearrow_forwardUnder IFRS, changes in accounting policies are a. permitted if the change will result in a more reliable and more relevant presentation of the financial statements. b. permitted if the entity encounters new transactions, events, or conditions that are substantively different from existing or previous transactions. c. required on material transactions, if the entity had previously accounted for similar, though immaterial, transactions under an unacceptable accounting method. d. required if an alternate accounting policy gives rise to a material change in assets, liabilities, or the current- year net income.arrow_forwardwhich of the following application would an auditor apply to determine the probability of a corporation's account balance being in error? A) overinvolvement rations B) probability rules C) bayes theorem D) emprical formulaarrow_forward
- The audit reporting requirements for comparatives discuss the following I. Prior period financial statements were audited by another auditor. II. material misstatements in prior period financial statements III. Modifications in auditor’s report on the prior period unresolved IV. Financial statements are prepared by the company's management in accordance with the applicable framework * I, II, III and IV I, II and III II, III and IV I, III and IVarrow_forwardwhich of the following in not related to standards of reporting Select one: a. The report shall identify those circumstances in which such principles have not been consistently observed in the current period in relation to the preceding period b. The report shall state whether the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles c. The report shall contain either an expression of opinion regarding the financial statements, taken as a whole, or an assertion to the effect that an opinion cannot be expressed d. A sufficient understanding of internal control is to be obtained to plan the audit and to determine the nature, timing, and extent of tests to be performed. e. All Of the above are standards of reportingarrow_forwardWhat is the authoritative guidance for AU-C 540 Auditing Accounting Estimates, including Faire Value Accounting Estimates, and Related Disclosures?arrow_forward
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