Chapter 15, Problem 41PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of $\text{pH}$ for orange juice that has $3.7\times {10}^{-4}\text{ M}$ as concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The acidity strength is quantified by the magnitude of a parameter called $\text{pH}$. The strong acids tend to lower values of $\text{pH}$. This is since $\text{pH}$ represents negative logarithm of concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion. So higher the concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion lower will be $\text{pH}$.

The expression to evaluate $\text{pH}$ is as follows:

  $\text{pH}=-\log \left[{\text{H}}^{+}\right]$

Here,

$\left[{\text{H}}^{+}\right]$ denotes concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of $\text{pH}$ for vinegar that has $2.8\times {10}^{-4}\text{ M}$ as concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of $\text{pH}$ for shampoo that has $2.4\times {10}^{-6}\text{ M}$ as concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of $\text{pH}$ for dishwashing detergent that has $3.6\times {10}^{-8}\text{ M}$ as concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).