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Math Statistics Fundamentals of Statistics (5th Edition)

The meaning when a part of the population is under-represented.

The meaning when a part of the population is under-represented.

Solution Summary: The author explains that under-representation occurs when the proportion of a segment of the population is much less in the sample than it is in actual population.

Fundamentals of Statistics (5th Edition)

Fundamentals of Statistics (5th Edition)

5th Edition

ISBN: 9780134508306

Author: Michael Sullivan III

Publisher: PEARSON

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Chapter 1.5, Problem 2AYU

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The meaning when a part of the population is under-represented.

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Chapter 1.5, Problem 1AYU

Chapter 1.5, Problem 3AYU

Chapter 1 Solutions

Fundamentals of Statistics (5th Edition)

Ch. 1.1 - Define statistics.Ch. 1.1 - Explain the difference between a population and a...Ch. 1.1 - A(n) _____ is a person or object that is a member...Ch. 1.1 - _____ statistics consists of organizing and...Ch. 1.1 - A(n) _____ is a numerical summary of a sample....Ch. 1.1 - are the characteristics of the individuals of the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...

Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 714, determine whether the underlined...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 1522, classify the variable as...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 2330, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3138, determine the level of...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3944, a research objective is...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3944, a research objective is...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3944, a research objective is...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3944, a research objective is...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3944, a research objective is...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 3944, a research objective is...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 45 and 46, identify the individuals,...Ch. 1.1 - In Problems 45 and 46, identify the individuals,...Ch. 1.1 - Smokers IQ A study was conducted in which 2011...Ch. 1.1 - A Cure for the Common Wart A study conducted by...Ch. 1.1 - NW Government Waste Gallup News Service conducted...Ch. 1.1 - Investment Decision The Gallup Organization...Ch. 1.1 - What Level of Measurement? It is extremely...Ch. 1.1 - Interpreting the Variable Suppose a fundraiser...Ch. 1.1 - Analyze the Article Read the newspaper article and...Ch. 1.1 - Contrast the differences between qualitative and...Ch. 1.1 - Discuss the differences between discrete and...Ch. 1.1 - In your own words, define the four levels of...Ch. 1.1 - Explain what is meant when we say data vary, How...Ch. 1.1 - Explain the process of statistics.Ch. 1.1 - The age of a person is commonly considered to be a...Ch. 1.2 - In your own words, define explanatory variable and...Ch. 1.2 - What is an observational study? What is a designed...Ch. 1.2 - Explain what is meant by confounding. What is a...Ch. 1.2 - Given a choice, would you conduct a study using an...Ch. 1.2 - What is a cross-sectional study? What is a...Ch. 1.2 - The data used in the influenza study presented in...Ch. 1.2 - Explain why it would be unlikely to use a designed...Ch. 1.2 - What does it mean when an observational study is...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - In Problems 916, determine whether the study...Ch. 1.2 - Happiness and Your Heart Is there an association...Ch. 1.2 - Daily Coffee Consumption Is there an association...Ch. 1.2 - NW Television in the Bedroom Is a television (TV)...Ch. 1.2 - Get Married, Gain Weight Are young couples who...Ch. 1.2 - Midwives Researchers Sally Tracy and associates...Ch. 1.2 - Web Page Design Magnum, LLC, is a web page design...Ch. 1.2 - Analyze the Article Write a summary of the...Ch. 1.2 - Putting It Together: Passive Smoke? The following...Ch. 1.3 - What is a frame?Ch. 1.3 - Define simple random sampling.Ch. 1.3 - What does it mean when sampling is done without...Ch. 1.3 - What is random sampling? Why is it used and how...Ch. 1.3 - Literature As part of a college literature course,...Ch. 1.3 - Team Captains A coach must select two players to...Ch. 1.3 - NW Course Selection A student entering a doctoral...Ch. 1.3 - Merit Badge Requirements To complete the...Ch. 1.3 - Sampling the Faculty A community college employs...Ch. 1.3 - Sampling the Students The same community college...Ch. 1.3 - NW Obtaining a Simple Random Sample The following...Ch. 1.3 - Obtaining a Simple Random Sample The following...Ch. 1.3 - Obtaining a Simple Random Sample The president of...Ch. 1.3 - Obtaining a Simple Random Sample The mayor of...Ch. 1.3 - Future Government Club The Future Government Club...Ch. 1.3 - Worker Morale The owner of a private food store is...Ch. 1.4 - Describe a circumstance in which stratified...Ch. 1.4 - Which sampling method does not require a frame?Ch. 1.4 - Why are convenience samples ill advised?Ch. 1.4 - A(n) _____ sample is obtained by dividing the...Ch. 1.4 - A(n) _____ sample is obtained by dividing the...Ch. 1.4 - True or False: When taking a systematic random...Ch. 1.4 - True or False: A simple random sample is always...Ch. 1.4 - True or False: When conducting a cluster sample,...Ch. 1.4 - True or False: Inferences based on voluntary...Ch. 1.4 - True or False: When obtaining a stratified sample,...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 15AYU Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 19AYU Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - In Problems 1122, identify the type of sampling...Ch. 1.4 - A salesperson obtained a systematic sample of size...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 24AYU Ch. 1.4 - NW Stratified Sampling The Future Government Club...Ch. 1.4 - Stratified Sampling The owner of a private food...Ch. 1.4 - NW Systematic Sample The human resource department...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 28AYU Ch. 1.4 - Which Method? The mathematics department at a...Ch. 1.4 - Good Sampling Method? To obtain students opinions...Ch. 1.4 - Sample Design The city of Naperville is...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 32AYU Ch. 1.4 - Sample Design Target wants to open a new store in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 34AYU Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 35AYU Ch. 1.4 - Sample Design A marketing executive for Coca-Cola....Ch. 1.4 - Putting It Together: Comparing Sampling Methods...Ch. 1.4 - Putting It Together: Thinking about Randomness...Ch. 1.5 - What is a closed question? What is an open...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 2AYU Ch. 1.5 - What is bias? Name the three sources of bias and...Ch. 1.5 - What is closed question? What is an open question?...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 13AYU Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 15AYU Ch. 1.5 - In Problems 516, the survey has bias. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - Response Rates Surveys tend to suffer from low...Ch. 1.5 - Delivery Format The General Social Survey asked,...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 19AYU Ch. 1.5 - Order of the Questions Consider the following two...Ch. 1.5 - Improving Response Rates Suppose you are reading...Ch. 1.5 - Rotating Choices Consider this question from a...Ch. 1.5 - Random Digit Dialing Many polls use random digit...Ch. 1.5 - Caller ID How do you think caller ID has affected...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 25AYU Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 26AYU Ch. 1.5 - Exit Polling During every election, pollsters...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 29AYU Ch. 1.5 - Name two biases that led to the Literary Digest...Ch. 1.5 - The Challenge in Polling One of the challenges in...Ch. 1.5 - Why is it rare for frames to be completely...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 37AYU Ch. 1.5 - Discuss the benefits of having trained...Ch. 1.5 - What are the advantages of having a presurvey when...Ch. 1.5 - Discuss the pros and cons of telephone interviews...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 41AYU Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 42AYU Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 43AYU Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 44AYU Ch. 1.6 - Define the following: a. Experimental unit b....Ch. 1.6 - What is replication in an experiment?Ch. 1.6 - Explain the difference between a single-blind and...Ch. 1.6 - A(n) _____ _____ design is one in which each...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 5AYU Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 6AYU Ch. 1.6 - NW Chew Your Food Researchers wanted to determine...Ch. 1.6 - Alcohol Dependence To determine if topiramate is a...Ch. 1.6 - NW School Psychology A school psychologist wants...Ch. 1.6 - Pharmacy A pharmaceutical company has developed an...Ch. 1.6 - NW Whiter Teeth An ad for Crest Whitestrips...Ch. 1.6 - Assessment To help assess student learning in her...Ch. 1.6 - Insomnia Researchers wanted to test the...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 14AYU Ch. 1.6 - The Memory Drug? Researchers wanted to evaluate...Ch. 1.6 - Shrinking Stomach? Researchers wanted to determine...Ch. 1.6 - Dominant Hand Professor Andy Neill wanted to...Ch. 1.6 - Golf Anyone? A local golf pro wanted to compare...Ch. 1.6 - Drug Effectiveness A pharmaceutical company wants...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 20AYU Ch. 1.6 - Green Tea You wonder whether green tea lowers...Ch. 1.6 - Priming for Healthy Food Does alerting shoppers at...Ch. 1.6 - Batteries An engineer wants to determine the...Ch. 1.6 - Tire Design An engineer has just developed a new...Ch. 1.6 - Designing an Experiment Researchers want to know...Ch. 1.6 - Research the placebo effect and the Hawthorne...Ch. 1.6 - Coke or Pepsi You want to perform an experiment...Ch. 1.6 - The Dictator Game In their book SuperFreakonomics,...Ch. 1.6 - Ebola In October 2014, there was an Ebola breakout...Ch. 1.6 - What is the role of randomization in a designed...Ch. 1 - In Problems 15, provide a definition using your...Ch. 1 - In Problems 15, provide a definition using your...Ch. 1 - In Problems 15, provide a definition using your...Ch. 1 - In Problems 15, provide a definition using your...Ch. 1 - In Problems 15, provide a definition using your...Ch. 1 - List and describe the three major types of...Ch. 1 - What is meant by the process of statistics?Ch. 1 - List and explain the three sources of bias in...Ch. 1 - Distinguish between sampling and nonsampling...Ch. 1 - Explain the steps in designing an experiment.Ch. 1 - Number of new automobiles sold at a dealership on...Ch. 1 - Weight in carats of an uncut diamond Ch. 1 - Brand name of a pair of running shoes Ch. 1 - In Problems 14 and 15, determine whether the...Ch. 1 - In Problems 14 and 15, determine whether the...Ch. 1 - In Problems 1619, determine the level of...Ch. 1 - In Problems 1619, determine the level of...Ch. 1 - In Problems 1619, determine the level of...Ch. 1 - In Problems 1619, determine the level of...Ch. 1 - In Problems 20 and 21, determine whether the study...Ch. 1 - In Problems 20 and 21, determine whether the study...Ch. 1 - Read the following description of an observational...Ch. 1 - In Problems 2326, determine the type of sampling...Ch. 1 - In Problems 2326, determine the type of sampling...Ch. 1 - In Problems 2326, determine the type of sampling...Ch. 1 - In Problems 2326, determine the type of sampling...Ch. 1 - Each of the following surveys has bias. Determine...Ch. 1 - Obtaining a Simple Random Sample The mayor of a...Ch. 1 - Obtaining a Systematic Sample A quality-control...Ch. 1 - Obtaining a Simple Random Sample Based on the...Ch. 1 - Tooth-Whitening Gum Smoking and drinking coffee...Ch. 1 - Reaction Time Researchers wanted to assess the...Ch. 1 - Multiple Choice A common tip for taking...Ch. 1 - Prob. 34RE Ch. 1 - Prob. 35RE Ch. 1 - Prob. 38RE Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CT Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CT Ch. 1 - In Problems 35, determine if the variable is...Ch. 1 - In Problems 35, determine if the variable is...Ch. 1 - In Problems 35, determine if the variable is...Ch. 1 - In Problems 6 and 7, determine whether the study...Ch. 1 - In Problems 6 and 7, determine whether the study...Ch. 1 - Contrast the three major types of observational...Ch. 1 - Compare and contrast observational studies and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10CT Ch. 1 - List the steps required to conduct an experiment.Ch. 1 - Prob. 12CT Ch. 1 - A congresswoman wants to survey her constituency...Ch. 1 - Prob. 14CT Ch. 1 - A casino manager wants to inspect a sample of 14...Ch. 1 - Describe what is meant by an experiment that has a...Ch. 1 - Each of the following surveys has bias. Identify...Ch. 1 - Shapely Glasses Does the shape of a glass play a...Ch. 1 - Nucryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., announced the...Ch. 1 - Researchers Katherine Tucker and associates wanted...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a lurking variable...Ch. 1 - CASE STUDY Chrysalises for Cash The butterfly...Ch. 1 - CASE STUDY Chrysalises for Cash The butterfly...Ch. 1 - CASE STUDY Chrysalises for Cash The butterfly...Ch. 1 - CASE STUDY Chrysalises for Cash The butterfly...

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Cholesterol Cholesterol in human blood is necessary, but too much can lead to health problems. There are three main types of cholesterol: HDL (high-density lipoproteins), LDL (low-density lipoproteins), and VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins). HDL is considered “good” cholesterol; LDL and VLDL are considered “bad” cholesterol. A standard fasting cholesterol blood test measures total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. These numbers are used to estimate LDL and VLDL, which are difficult to measure directly. Your doctor recommends that your combined LDL/VLDL cholesterol level be less than 130 milligrams per deciliter, your HDL cholesterol level be at least 60 milligrams per deciliter, and your total cholesterol level be no more than 200 milligrams per deciliter. (a) Write a system of linear inequalities for the recommended cholesterol levels. Let x represent the HDL cholesterol level, and let y represent the combined LDL VLDL cholesterol level. (b) Graph the system of inequalities from part (a). Label any vertices of the solution region. (c) Is the following set of cholesterol levels within the recommendations? Explain. LDL/VLDL: 120 milligrams per deciliter HDL: 90 milligrams per deciliter Total: 210 milligrams per deciliter (d) Give an example of cholesterol levels in which the LDL/VLDL cholesterol level is too high but the HDL cholesterol level is acceptable. (e) Another recommendation is that the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol be less than 4 (that is, less than 4 to 1). Identify a point in the solution region from part (b) that meets this recommendation, and explain why it meets the recommendation.

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