RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The statement that must be true for natural selection to occur in the RNA world is “Both b and c are correct”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option d. is given as, “Both b and c are correct.”

RNA is known to be the first non-dependent originator to life on Earth. It is believed that initially proteins were encoded by RNA. This led to the growth of RNA resulting in the production of enzyme reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the conversion of RNA to DNA. Along with these encoding, it is highly possible that mutations took place during these processes.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules.”

It is not necessary for RNA molecules to convert it into DNA molecules. These molecules are important for copying DNA. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “RNA molecules must undergo mutations.”

It is highly probable that RNA molecules underwent mutations but this cannot be the sole reason for the occurrence of natural selection in an RNA world. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “RNA molecules must replicate.”

Replication is important for RNA to grow. For natural selection, replication plays a major role but is not the only factor responsible for the occurrence of natural selection. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and c. are incorrect.

Conclusion

In order to undergo natural selection, RNA must show replication and undergo mutations. Thus, the correct option is d.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The statement that must be true for natural selection to occur in the RNA world is “Both b and c are correct”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option d. is given as, “Both b and c are correct.”

RNA is known to be the first non-dependent originator to life on Earth. It is believed that initially proteins were encoded by RNA. This led to the growth of RNA resulting in the production of enzyme reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the conversion of RNA to DNA. Along with these encoding, it is highly possible that mutations took place during these processes.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules.”

It is not necessary for RNA molecules to convert it into DNA molecules. These molecules are important for copying DNA. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “RNA molecules must undergo mutations.”

It is highly probable that RNA molecules underwent mutations but this cannot be the sole reason for the occurrence of natural selection in an RNA world. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “RNA molecules must replicate.”

Replication is important for RNA to grow. For natural selection, replication plays a major role but is not the only factor responsible for the occurrence of natural selection. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and c. are incorrect.

Conclusion

In order to undergo natural selection, RNA must show replication and undergo mutations. Thus, the correct option is d.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The statement that must be true for natural selection to occur in the RNA world is “Both b and c are correct”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option d. is given as, “Both b and c are correct.”

RNA is known to be the first non-dependent originator to life on Earth. It is believed that initially proteins were encoded by RNA. This led to the growth of RNA resulting in the production of enzyme reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the conversion of RNA to DNA. Along with these encoding, it is highly possible that mutations took place during these processes.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules.”

It is not necessary for RNA molecules to convert it into DNA molecules. These molecules are important for copying DNA. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “RNA molecules must undergo mutations.”

It is highly probable that RNA molecules underwent mutations but this cannot be the sole reason for the occurrence of natural selection in an RNA world. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “RNA molecules must replicate.”

Replication is important for RNA to grow. For natural selection, replication plays a major role but is not the only factor responsible for the occurrence of natural selection. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and c. are incorrect.

Conclusion

In order to undergo natural selection, RNA must show replication and undergo mutations. Thus, the correct option is d.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The statement that must be true for natural selection to occur in the RNA world is “Both b and c are correct”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option d. is given as, “Both b and c are correct.”

RNA is known to be the first non-dependent originator to life on Earth. It is believed that initially proteins were encoded by RNA. This led to the growth of RNA resulting in the production of enzyme reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the conversion of RNA to DNA. Along with these encoding, it is highly possible that mutations took place during these processes.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules.”

It is not necessary for RNA molecules to convert it into DNA molecules. These molecules are important for copying DNA. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “RNA molecules must undergo mutations.”

It is highly probable that RNA molecules underwent mutations but this cannot be the sole reason for the occurrence of natural selection in an RNA world. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “RNA molecules must replicate.”

Replication is important for RNA to grow. For natural selection, replication plays a major role but is not the only factor responsible for the occurrence of natural selection. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and c. are incorrect.

Conclusion

In order to undergo natural selection, RNA must show replication and undergo mutations. Thus, the correct option is d.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The statement that must be true for natural selection to occur in the RNA world is “Both b and c are correct”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option d. is given as, “Both b and c are correct.”

RNA is known to be the first non-dependent originator to life on Earth. It is believed that initially proteins were encoded by RNA. This led to the growth of RNA resulting in the production of enzyme reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the conversion of RNA to DNA. Along with these encoding, it is highly possible that mutations took place during these processes.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules.”

It is not necessary for RNA molecules to convert it into DNA molecules. These molecules are important for copying DNA. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “RNA molecules must undergo mutations.”

It is highly probable that RNA molecules underwent mutations but this cannot be the sole reason for the occurrence of natural selection in an RNA world. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “RNA molecules must replicate.”

Replication is important for RNA to grow. For natural selection, replication plays a major role but is not the only factor responsible for the occurrence of natural selection. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and c. are incorrect.

Conclusion

In order to undergo natural selection, RNA must show replication and undergo mutations. Thus, the correct option is d.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The statement that must be true for natural selection to occur in the RNA world is “Both b and c are correct”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option d. is given as, “Both b and c are correct.”

RNA is known to be the first non-dependent originator to life on Earth. It is believed that initially proteins were encoded by RNA. This led to the growth of RNA resulting in the production of enzyme reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the conversion of RNA to DNA. Along with these encoding, it is highly possible that mutations took place during these processes.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules.”

It is not necessary for RNA molecules to convert it into DNA molecules. These molecules are important for copying DNA. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “RNA molecules must undergo mutations.”

It is highly probable that RNA molecules underwent mutations but this cannot be the sole reason for the occurrence of natural selection in an RNA world. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “RNA molecules must replicate.”

Replication is important for RNA to grow. For natural selection, replication plays a major role but is not the only factor responsible for the occurrence of natural selection. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and c. are incorrect.

Conclusion

In order to undergo natural selection, RNA must show replication and undergo mutations. Thus, the correct option is d.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The statement that must be true for natural selection to occur in the RNA world is “Both b and c are correct”. Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option d. is given as, “Both b and c are correct.”

RNA is known to be the first non-dependent originator to life on Earth. It is believed that initially proteins were encoded by RNA. This led to the growth of RNA resulting in the production of enzyme reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the conversion of RNA to DNA. Along with these encoding, it is highly possible that mutations took place during these processes.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “RNA molecules must turn into DNA molecules.”

It is not necessary for RNA molecules to convert it into DNA molecules. These molecules are important for copying DNA. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “RNA molecules must undergo mutations.”

It is highly probable that RNA molecules underwent mutations but this cannot be the sole reason for the occurrence of natural selection in an RNA world. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “RNA molecules must replicate.”

Replication is important for RNA to grow. For natural selection, replication plays a major role but is not the only factor responsible for the occurrence of natural selection. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and c. are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

In order to undergo natural selection, RNA must show replication and undergo mutations. Thus, the correct option is d.

Answer 13

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1MC Ch. 15.1 - What we can learn from simulations of early Earth?Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 3MC Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 4MC Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1MC Ch. 15.2 - Without looking at figure 15.9, sketch the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3MC Ch. 15.2 - In what ways bacteria and archaea are essential to...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 5MC Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 1MC

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Concept explainers

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Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 15 Solutions

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Concept explainers

Videos

Introduction: RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 15 Solutions

Introduction:

RNA world theory states that amino acids and nucleotides were formed on hot clay surface resulting in the formation of RNA. This theory describes self-replication of RNA might have been the first predecessor of life on Earth.