To explain: The sensory receptors and its classification based on location and stimuli.
Concept introduction: The psychological capacity of an organism that provides a data for the perception is called the sense. The sense organs contain receptors that transmit information through sensory neurons to the corresponding organs in the nervous system.
Explanation of Solution
The sensory receptors are the structure that reacts to the physical stimulus in the environment. It has a sensory nerve ending that transmits the information through the process of generating nerve impulses to the brain for the perception and interpretation. Sensory receptors can be classified based on their location and stimuli.
Classification based on location:
Sensory receptors can be classified based on their location are given as follows:
- Exteroceptors
- Visceroceptors
- Proprioceptors
Exteroceptors: These receptors are also called cutaneous receptors. They are located on the body surface such as dermis and epidermis that receives the external stimuli. There are two kinds of exteroceptors and that are given as follows:
- Tactile receptors- Touch
- Cutaneous receptors- Pressure, light, and temperature.
Some of the special exteroceptors located in the head that are represented by the receptors for taste, smell, hearing, and vision.
Visceroceptors: These receptors are also called the internal receptors. These are the receptors that respond to stimulus in the visceral region that includes visceral organs and blood vessels. These receptors located inside the body surface. It provides information about the environment around the stimulus. It includes the receptors for blood pressure, blood pH, and blood volume.
Proprioceptors: These receptors are also called muscle sense. They provide information about the movement of the body, orientation, muscle stretch and its physical locations. They respond to the stimuli that occur in the skeletal muscles, ligaments, joints, and tendons.
Classification based on stimuli:
Sensory receptors are classified as six types based on their stimuli are given as follows:
- Mechanoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Nociceptors
- Osmoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors: These receptors respond to mechanical stimulus. For example: pressure, touch, equilibrium, and hearing.
Chemoreceptors: These receptors respond to dissolved chemicals during sensations of taste and smell. This also causes responses to the changes in the internal body chemicals such as difference in concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions in the blood.
Thermoreceptors: These receptors respond to the change in temperature. They can be warm and cold receptors. These receptors are located on the skin and hypothalamus.
Photoreceptors: They are stimulated by light receptors. These receptors are present in the cells of retina.
Nociceptors: These receptors respond to various stimulus that are associated with tissue damage or intense mechanical stimuli. These stimuli are associated with pain that is interpreted by brain.
Osmoreceptors: These are specialized receptors that are located in the hypothalamus. It recognizes the changes in the osmotic pressure of fluids in the body.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 6e
- Objective: Develop a culturally sensitive nursing care plan by addressing a hypothetical patient’s cultural beliefs, values, and practices that influence their health and healthcare decisions. Instructions: 1. Scenario Analysis: o Carefully read the provided hypothetical patient scenario. o Identify cultural, religious, or personal beliefs that may aJect the patient’s health behaviors and decision-making. 2. Cultural Assessment: o Conduct a cultural assessment based on the scenario. Include the patient’s cultural background, health beliefs, communication preferences, dietary restrictions, and practices related to illness and healing. 3. Nursing Care Plan Components: o Assessment: Identify the patient’s main health concerns and cultural needs. o Diagnosis: Formulate culturally sensitive nursing diagnoses. o Goals and Outcomes: Establish realistic, measurable goals that respect the patient’s cultural preferences. o Interventions: Propose specific nursing interventions that accommodate…arrow_forwardOne of your long-term patients who you have known for many years has progressed to end-stage prostate cancer and has been placed on a palliative care program. The currently commercially available morphine liquids he has been using contain a flavouring agent that makes him nauseous. His Physician has requested you compound a morphine liquid for him without flavour as his pain is well controlled on this medication and he does not want to change to another pain reliever. Your pharmacy team and the Physician would like to make his end-of-life process as comfortable as possible. A formulation for a suspension appears to be a good option to try. RX: Morphine liquid 1 mg/mL Sig: Take 1-2 mL q1h prn Mitte: 100 mL Formulation: Morphine HCl 10 mg Glycerol 1 mL Compound Hydroxybenzoate Solution 0.1 mL Purified water to 10 mL Use within 1 montharrow_forwardAs a nursing student in the pediatric unit, explore the topic "fear and anxiety during hospitalization for school age patients" in a TGROW format. Topic: What issue are you planning to address? Provide overview.Goal: What is your goal? Is it SMART?Reality: Current state of the situation? Why are you choosing this goal? What hashappened?Options: What are all the possible options to deal with the situation? 3 should bearticulated. What obstacles might be in the way? Weigh the pros and cons of eachoption.Way Forward: Which option are you selecting? What do you need to get done to achieveyour goal? What will be your first step? Commit to taking action.arrow_forward
- why is it important to understand children experiencing fear and anxiety while being admitted to the hospital as a nursing student and how does this impact nursing practicearrow_forwardAs a nursing student in the pediatric unit, explore the topic "fear and anxiety during hospitalization for school age patients" in a TGROW formatarrow_forwardwhat are essential skills of nursingarrow_forward
- As a nursing student in the pediatric unit, what is an example of a TGROW with a Topic: Fears and anxiety in pediatric patients during hospitalization. What can be the Goal (SMART), Reality, Options and Way forwardarrow_forwardAs a nursing student, provide 5 examples of a TGROW that is relevant in the pediatric unit.arrow_forwardwhat are therapies needed for mechanicaly ventilated patients?arrow_forward
- What therapies are indicated for a patient on invasive mechanical ventilation? What weaning parameters should be performed and what are acceptable values?arrow_forwardDomains of Enterprise Risks 1. Strategic- Examples of risks: mergers, acquisitions, brand/reputation 2. Operational- Examples of risks: efficiencies, following policies/procedures, equitable care 3. Financial- Examples of risks: capital, cost of malpractice claims, claims fraud/abuse, billing Describe each enterprise risk domain Describe a potential risk for each domain Analyze potential outcomes associated with each risk Recommend actions to avoid each risk (proactively) Describe a plan to mitigate each risk (if it occurs) Recommend actions to monitor each plan.arrow_forwardConditions of participation, Accident (medical), Complaint, EMTALA, Incidint Reporting System, Informed Consent, Malpractice, Legal Health Record, National Patient Saftey Goals what would be a good definition and an example for each of these wordsarrow_forward
- Phlebotomy EssentialsNursingISBN:9781451194524Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)Publisher:JONES+BARTLETT PUBLISHERS, INC.Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Profession...NursingISBN:9780323414425Author:Robert J Hubert BSPublisher:SaundersFundamentals Of NursingNursingISBN:9781496362179Author:Taylor, Carol (carol R.), LYNN, Pamela (pamela Barbara), Bartlett, Jennifer L.Publisher:Wolters Kluwer,
- Fundamentals of Nursing, 9eNursingISBN:9780323327404Author:Patricia A. Potter RN MSN PhD FAAN, Anne Griffin Perry RN EdD FAAN, Patricia Stockert RN BSN MS PhD, Amy Hall RN BSN MS PhD CNEPublisher:Elsevier ScienceStudy Guide for Gould's Pathophysiology for the H...NursingISBN:9780323414142Author:Hubert BS, Robert J; VanMeter PhD, Karin C.Publisher:SaundersIssues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (Min...NursingISBN:9781337406291Author:Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey, Cindy CoreyPublisher:Cengage Learning